Objective To explore the complications and influence of repeat cesarean section after previous cesarean delivery. Methods The styles of the total 67 cases of repeat cesarean section were reviewed, and the mater-nal ages, gestarional weeks, time intervals between the two times of delivery, and the styles of the previous cesarean section were analyzed. Results Of the total 67 case of repeat cesarean section ,there were 8 cases with relatively se-vere adhesion, 1 case with hysterectomy. There were 9 cases with intraoperative blood loss over 500ml(13.4%). The rate of adhesion induced by abdominal transverse incision of cesarean section was significantly higher than that of ab-dominal longitudinal incision of low cesarean section. Conclusions When we determining a style of cesarean section, we should comprehensively consider the obstetrical conditions of the pregnant women to select abdominal incision style and uterine incision style. The quality of previous cesarean delivery determines the complications of repeat cesarean section.

The cerebral salt wasting syndrome and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion are frequent in hyponatremia in patients with intracranial disorders.There is a major problem about the incidence,diagnosis,and differentiation of cerebral salt wasting syndrome and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in patients with acute central nervous system disorders.Clinical presentation of cerebral salt wasting syndrome is similar to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,but the therapy is different.So differential diagnosis is essential for appropriate management.This paper differentiate two kinds of diseases from the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an analytical method for the determination of prednisolone and prednisolone-hemisuccinate in biological media METHODS:Using RP-HPLC,biological media were extracted with a mixture of n-pentane and methyl tert-butyl ether(2∶3) The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and trisodium citrate buffer (33∶67) The sample was eluted on C18 column and detected at 254nm RESULTS:The extraction recoveries of two drugs were over 80% and the RSDs of within-day and day-to-day were below 3% CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive,accurate and good enough to be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of new preparation of prednisolone and can also be applied to other similar glucocorticoids

Objective To explore the possible mechanism for KiSSI gene in control gonadotropin - releasing hormone(GnRH)secretion participating in sexual development onset and normal reproduction regulation by investigating the changes in expression of KiSS1,GnRH in hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),and estradiol(E2 )in serum by using RNA interference mediated by lentivirus - based vectors,after interfering expression of KiSSI. Methods Ninety female Sprague - Dawley rats of 21 days were randomly divided into 3 groups:interference virus group receiving intracerebroventricular injection of KiSSI - microRNA interference lentivirus;lentivi-rus - control group given intracerebroventricular injection of lentivirus without interference effect;9 g/ L saline control group given intracerebroventricular injection of 9 g/ L saline. Ten rats in each group and the animals were sacrificed at 30 - day - old,35 - day - old,45 - day - old,respectively. Then the expressions of KiSSI and GnRH mRNA were detec-ted in the rat hypothalamus with real - time PCR,the LH,FSH,and E2 in serum was examined with chemiluminescence method. Results The levels of KiSSI mRNA in interference virus group were significantly reduced after being infected with recombinant lentivirus compared with those of 9 g/ L saline control group( at 30 d:0. 106 ± 0. 018;at 35 d:0. 218 ± 0. 025;at 45 d:0. 215 ± 0. 033,all P = 0. 000). The level of GnRH mRNA in interference virus group was sig-nificantly reduced after being infected with recombinant lentivirus compared with that of 9 g/ L saline control group(at 30 d:0. 230 ± 0. 040;at 35 d:0. 407 ± 0. 030,all P = 0. 000). The level of LH in interference virus group was lower than the other 2 groups at 35 d[(0. 101 ± 0. 004)IU/ L,P = 0. 467]. The level of FSH in the interference virus group was lower than that of the other 2 groups at 35 d[(0. 235 ± 0. 014)IU/ L,P = 0. 015]. The level of E2 in the interfe-rence virus group was lower than that of the other 2 groups at 35 d and 45 d[at 35 d:(171. 750 ± 11. 050)nmol/ L, P = 0. 000;at 45 d:(192. 310 ± 13. 100)nmol/ L,P = 0. 010]. Conclusions Lentivirus with KiSSI - microRNA can affect the expression of GnRH mRNA and the levels of sex hormone. Lateral cerebral ventricle microinjection of KiSSI -microRNA lentivirus can delay sexual development of Sprague - Dawley female rats.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),the precise etiology of which remains unknown,is comprised of two forms of chronic intestinal inflammation,ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.Recent researches suggest that angiopoiesis plays an important role in the development of IBD.Many cytokines can enhance angiopoiesis,such as fibroblast growth factor-2,interleukin-8,platelet-derived growth factor,transforming growth factor-? and particularly vascular endothelial growth factor.This review summarizes the angiopoietic factors correlated with IBD.

Medical education on oncology is urgently enhanced in China.We analyse a host of questions in medical education on oncology in our country at present,and study didactical methods,goal and task on oncology education.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Calbindin 2 ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Claudins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Receptor, trkA ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: The residual root of anterior teeth are usually repaired by means of post and cores plus porcelain fused metal crown in clinic, and the retention force is mainly provided by the post because of the deletion of crown, so the retention force provided by the post is directly correlated with the long-term effect of repair.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes of retention of cast metal post and core restorations with different convergence angles, and investigate the influence of convergence angles on retention.DESIGN: A repeated observational measurement.SETTING: Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the building of high polymer material of Sichuan University in May 2005. Fifty-four simulated tooth roots were manufactured by the numerical control machine tools.They were divided into six groups according to the convergence angles of post being 0°, 3.93°, 5.71°, 7.48°, 11.31° and 14.71°, with nine specimens in each group.METHODS: ① Manufacture of the standard specimens: The tooth roots with the convergence angles of 0°,3.93°, 5.71°, 7.48°, 11.31° and 14.71° were prepared with the digital control precision machine. ② Manufacture of the cast post and cores: The post and core wax patterns of the specimens were made in the condition similar to the clinical practice. The post and cores were cast and tried in, necessary grinding was made to ensure the adoption of the posts and the specimens. Then the posts were luted to the specimens with ZPC after the posts and the simulated root canals having een cleaned by alcohol. The posts and the specimens were pressed until the ZPC solidified. ③ Retention Force test: After having been dipped in physiological saline for 24 hours, the bonded castings and specimens were subjected to a tensile testing at the drawing speed of 10 mm per minute.The retention force of post was the load recorded when the post was pulled out from the specimen. ④ Planar bonding strength test: We cut a PMMA stick into the same little cylinders and made angular milling on the flank of the cylinders. The angle between the milled bevel and the central axis of the cylinder was controlled to 0°, 1.9°, 3°, 6°, 9°, 12° and 15°. Afterwards we cut the brass into pieces. Eight wafers were cast with the same diameter of 8 mm and thickness of 1 mm. With the same procedure of bonding the posts to specimens, the brass pieces were bonded to the cylinder bevels and the wafers were adhered to the upside of some unmachinized cylinders.Immerged in physiological saline for 24 hours, their bonding force were tested at the speed of 10 mm per minute, and the load was recorded when the pieces and wafers were separated from the cylinders. ⑤ Calculation of the frictional and interlocking forces: As the post can be regarded as a frustum, the bonding surface area can be calculated with the formula calculating the flank area of frustum, and the area of the occlusal bonding surface is the sum of the annulus part of the root surface and the circular part of the post tip. Some regressions were made to the retention force, frictional strength, bonding strength per unit area, retention force per unit area and frictional force per unit area to convergence angles.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Bonding strength of different convergence angles; ② Influence of different convergence angles on the area and bonding strength of the post; ③ Retention force and frictional force of posts with different convergence angles; ④ The results of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of bonding strength, retention force and frictional force per unit area.RESULTS: ① The bonding strength of different convergence angles: It was 0.309 0 N/mm2 for the occlusal plane, 0.128 3 N/mm2 for the axial plane with a convergence angle of 0°, 0.108 7 N/mm2 for the 1.9°axial plane, 0.107 2 N/mm2 for the 3°axial plane, 0.084 9 N/mm2 for the 6°axial plane, 0.056 7 N/mm2 for the 9°axial plane, 0.046 3 N/mm2 for the 12°axial plane, 0.027 4 N/mm2 for the 15°axial plane. ② Bonding strength and bonding area of posts with different convergence angles: The post with a 0°convergence angle had a total post area of 108.047 mm2 and bonding strength of 19.041 N; The most tapered post with 14.71°had a total post area of 90.245 mm2 and bonding strength of 5.131 N. ③ The retention force of cast post and the bonding strength of ZPC declined with the increasing of convergence angles of the post. For the parallel post (convergence angle=0°), the retention force was 321.60 N, the frictional force was 302.559 N, retention force per unit area was 2.976 N/mm2,frictional strength was 3.885 N/mm2; for the most tapered post (convergence angle=14.71°), the retention force was 9.93 N, frictional force was 54.799 N, retention force per unit area was 0.664 N/mm2, frictional force was 0.681 N/mm2. ④ A one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in the bonding strength, retention force and frictional force per unit area among the groups (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The retention force, frictional force and the bonding strength of ZPC decrease with the increasing of convergence angles of posts, so the convergence angles of posts should be reduced as much as possible to obtain greater retention.

Objective To investigate passive smoking status and to analyze health influencing factors among infants in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods All 1 686 infants in Minhang District from May 2011 to May 2013 were recruited to be the subjects,and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among their parents to collect the characteristics,passive smoking and health status of the infants.Results The prevalence of passive smoking in infants during their mothers' pregnancy and within one year after birth was 52.7％ and 19.2％,respectively.Total of 571 (33.9％) infants surveyed were reported to suffer from health problems.The investigated infants who suffered from passive smoking during mothers' pregnancy (OR =1.920,P＜0.001) and within one year after birth (OR=1.596,P＜0.001) were more likely to get health problems.Compared to the infants with six-month exclusive breast feeding,the infants with six-month artificially feeding were more likely to get health problems (OR=1.710,P＜0.001).Conclusions The prevalence of passive smoking for the investigated infants was high.Passive smoking during mothers' pregnancy as well as after birth were the risk factors for the infants' health.

Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Coagulants ; blood ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; blood ; drug therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Thromboplastin