Objective To evaluate the clinic effectiveness and safety of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect using homemade Amplatzer VSD occluder. Methods From Jan 2003 to April 2005,16 patients (11 males,5 femles) with VSD underwent an attempt of catheter closure using homemade Amplatzer occluder.The mean age of patients was (13.98 ?11.05) years (ranged from 3.5 to 41 years);the mean weight of patients was (32. 1 ?17.59) kg (ranged from 12.5 to 59 kg);the mean diameter ofVSD measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was(5.34?1.75)mm(ranged from 3.7 to 9mm). All patients underwent closure under TTE or transthoracic echocardiography(TEE)guidance. Results The devices were deployed successfully in 12patients.There was complete closure in 11patients immediatelly,and residual sbunt in 1 patients.After proccdure, bundle branch block(right and left bundle) were occurred in 7patients.Hemolysis was in 1patients.There were no other servere complications.Conclusions Transcatheter closure of VSD using this new occluder is safe and effective. Early results are good.Further clinical trials are underway to assess the long-term results.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 13C urea breath test (13C-UBT)in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in patients with gastric remnant.Methods A total of 94 gastric remnant patients (gastric remnant group) and 100 non-gastric remnant patients (control group) received 13C-UBT.According to the course of the disease,the gastric remnant group were divided into group 1 (29 cases,≤5 years),group 2 (33 cases,6 to 10 years) and group 3 (32cases,＞10 years).Before surgery,the diagnosis of Hp infection was according to 13C-UBT and gastric mucosa tissue staining.After surgery,the diagnosis was according to gastric mucosa tissue staining.The applying value of 13C-UBT in gastric remnant patients was evaluated.The consistency of results between 13C-UBT and gastric mucosa tissue staining were evaluated by the Kappa test.Results In gastric remnant group,the Hp infection rate after surgery (37.2％) was obviously lower than that before operation (79.8％;x2 =35.058,P＜0.01) and that of control group (77.0％).After surgery,the Hp infection rate of patients with Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy (24.4％) was lower than that of patients with Billroth Ⅰ gastrectomy (47.2％ ; x2 =5.133,P=0.023).Before surgery,the Hp infection rate of gastric remnant subgroups were similar (P＞0.05).With the extension of the postoperative course,the Hp infection rate gradually decreased in gastric remnant subgroups (group 1:58.6％,group 2:36.4％,group 3:18.8％; x2=7.839,P=0.021).Setting the cut-off point at 2.0‰ in the gastric remnant group and 3.5‰ in the control group,the accuracy rate of diagnosis was the highest (92.6％ and 96.0％).There was good consistency between the results of 13C-UBT and gastric mucosa tissue staining (Kappa =0.84,P＜0.01).Conclusion With suitable operation and standard,13C-UBT may be a easy,safe and effective assay applied in the gastric remnant patients.

Objective:To investigate the alteration of delayed memory and its relationship with neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vascular dementia (VD) rats after moxibustion therapy. Methods: Two hundred adult male SPF Wistar rats were chosen for the experiment. Thirty-six rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group. Except for rats in the sham operation group (n=36), the others were made into VD models by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo). After modeling, the 108 survived rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a model group, a neural stem cells (NSCs) plus endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) moxibustion group and a NSCs moxibustion group. Co-transplanted implant was transplanted into the rats in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group, and the rats in the NSCs moxibustion group were transplanted by NSCs only. The NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group and the NSCs moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion therapy at Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14) and Shenting (GV 24), (each group was divided into 3 subgroups by the treatment course as 1, 2 and 3 courses). Every group was measured by Morris water maze to evaluate its delayed memory after 3 treatment courses and the rat’s brain was taken out after perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde one day after 1, 2 and 3 treatment courses, respectively. Marker protein expression was detected by laser confocal microscope to analyze the effect on neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Results: VD rats showed delayed memory in Morris water maze test 3 d after ischemic injury. After 3 courses of moxibustion therapy, VD-induced delayed memory deficits were improved in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group and the NSCs moxibustion group. The expressions of nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and CD34 increased significantly in the two moxibusiton groups after every treatment course (all P＜0.05), which might contribute to the neurogenesis and angiogenesis in hippocampus. In addition, compared with the rats in the NSCs moxibustion group, the expressions of nestin, DCX and CD34 increased significantly in the NSCs plus EPCs moxibustion group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion can reverse VD-induced delayed memory deficits, which may be related to the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo probe into the selection of parameters of electroacupuncture and analyze some problems.

METHODSAnalyze and study on the relevant literature about the application of electroacupuncture in the past 5 years and analyze the parameters of electroacupuncture in the literature in detail.

RESULTSMost of literature paid greater attention to the selection of parameters of electroacupuncture, but different electroacupuncture apparatuses were used with different electroacupuncture parameters.

CONCLUSIONThe selection of the electroacupuncture apparatus and electroacupuncture parameters does not have an unified standard, influencing comparability and reference of experimental and clinical results.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Humans

In order to study on the definition domain and their correlated influencing factors about the acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation quantity, electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation quality and intensity, and to probe into the project of quantification of EA stimulation quantity. The authors reviewed the standardization work of EA, summed up the current state of the application of EA and the problems in quantification of the stimulation quantity in clinically control studies, expounded the different opinions and misunderstanding in acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation quantity and analyzed the definition domain and associated factors about acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation quantity and EA stimulation quantity and intensity. After the technical analysis, the calculation methods and formulas of pulse energy, quantity and intensity of EA stimulation were derived. On this basis, several schemes for the quantification of EA stimulation quantity with a certain feasibility and strong maneuverability are proposed.
Electric Stimulation ; methods ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; standards ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; standards ; Humans

Objective To observe the meshed capillary pattern(CP)on the surface of colorectal lesions by narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy(NBI-ME),and to distinguish neoplasm from non-neoplasm by the change of capillary patterns.Methods A total of 144 colorectal lesions in 102 patients detected by conventional colonoscopy were evaluated by NBI-ME to observe the CP on surface,and by staining magnifying colonoscopy to observe the pit pattern.Results All lesions were resected endoscopically (129/144)or by surgery(15/144),and the pathological evaluation diagnosed 30 cases of non-neoplasm (including 20 cases of hyperproliferative polyps and 10 of inflammatory polyps)and 1 14 cases of neoplasm (including 95 cases of adenoma and 19 cases of adenocarcinoma).The diagnostic accuracy rate,sensitivity and specificity of conventional colonoscopy were 75.7%,85.1%and 40.O%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of NBI-ME and staining magnifying colonoscopy(P＜0.005),while there was no significant difference between NBI-ME and staining magnifying colonoscopy.The CP of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and Ⅵa were totally correspondent with pit pattern of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and ⅤI. Conclusion NBI-ME findings of colorectal lesions correlated with those of staining magnifying colonoscopy.These two techniques are both helpful in differentiating colorectal neoplasms from non-neoplasms.

In order to ascertain prevalence rate of premarital sexual intercourse, unintended pregnancy and abortion, and evaluate associated factors of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates from all over China, the representative sample of unmarried undergraduates was obtained by using a multi-stage, stratified, probability cluster design, and data were collected by using a survey questionnaire. 62 326 available responders were gained. 11.6% of them acknowledged having experiences of premarital sexual intercourse (standardized prevalence rate of sexual intercourse was 13.8%). 31.5% of students active in premarital sex acknowledged undergoing unintended pregnancy. 76.2% of pregnant students selected abortion to end it. Of students active in premarital sex, 46.2% used contraception at the first sexual intercourse, 28.2% replied "always" using contraception in sexual intercourse. The rate of using condoms, oral contraceptives (OCs), and withdrawal among students who had used contraception was 52.0%, 31.0%, and 27.2% respectively. "No preparation for sex" (40.3%), "pleasure decrement" (32.1%), "won't-be-pregnancy in occasional sexual intercourse" (30.2%) were their common excuses for using no contraception. The identified risk factors for unintended pregnancy among students active in premarital sex by multivariate analysis were as follows: having no steady lover [having no steady lover vs having a steady lover: odds ratio (OR), 1.875; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.629-2.158], unaware of the course of conception (unaware vs aware: OR, 2.023; 95% CI, 1.811-2.260), considering abortion not endanger women's physical and mental health (no endangerment vs endangerment: OR, 2.659; 95% CI, 2.265-3.121), nonuse of contraception (never use vs always use: OR, 1.682; 95% CI, 1.295-2.185). Medical students were not less likely to experience an unintended pregnancy than nonmedical students (OR, 1.111; 95% CI, 0.906-1.287). The substantial proportion of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates indicates a need for convenient and targeted contraceptive education and services.

The main structure and content of the national standard Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part 11, Electroacupuncture are analyzed in retrospection of its compilation process. Discussions are made concerning arguments on the central idea and problems appeared during the compilation. Meanwhile, key points which should be noticed in clinical application are advanced as well.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards

OBJECTIVETo detect antisense-micro ribonucleic acid-21 oligonucleotide (AS-miR-21)'s inhibiting effect to tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSLiving image and TUNEL experiments were performed, based upon the xenograft animal models set up by introduction of Tca8113-luc cells which were stably transfected with pGL6 luciferase report gene plasmid into nude mice, while the tumors were injected with AS-miR-21.

RESULTSTca8113-luc cell line which steadily expressed luciferase activity was constructed by transfecting pGL6 report gene plasmid. The subcutaneous tumor formation rate was much higher in nude mice introduced with the cells, and the tumors grew well. After injection of AS-miR-21 into mice tumors, it was obviously viewed that tumors grew slower, the volume of the tumors was smaller, the photon number in live body imaging was getting less, the necrosis in the tumor specimens was rare, cell nuclei was getting smaller, dyeing color was lighter, heteromorphism and new vessels were decreased, micro ribonucleic acid-21 expression in tumor cells was considerably lower, and apoptotic index was increased.

CONCLUSIONAll the results indicate that the injection of AS-miR-21 can inhibit growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice model, and effectively promote cell apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Plasmids ; RNA ; Tongue Neoplasms ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo detect the biological influence to human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells of micro ribonucleic acid-21 (miR-21).

METHODSReferring to mature miR-21 sequence, the sense and antisense oligonucleotide (sense-miR-21 and AS-miR-21) modified by 2'O-Me were designed to transfect into TSCC cells (Tca8113 and high metastasis cells) by liposome transfection technology, in order to establish an in vitro TSCC cell model. The expression changes of miR-21 in the transfected cells were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The changes of cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell early apoptosis, cell migration and invasion capabilities were detected respectively by the technologies of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), flow cytometry, Annexin V cell early apoptosis assay, scratch assay and Transwell assay, to check AS-miR-21's effect on the biological characteristics of human TSCC cell lines.

RESULTSFor the TSCC cells, the antisense oligonucleotide of targeting miR-21 could effectively inhibit cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the capability of cell's migration and invasion.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of miR-21 decrease after AS-miR-21 transfected into TSCC cells, and miR-21 can affect biological behavior of TSCC cells.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; RNA ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tongue Neoplasms ; Transfection