Objective: To study the stability of forsythiaside. Methods: The stability of forsythiaside was studied by using UV spectrum obsiving the changes of spectrums in different conditions. Results: Forsythiaside was very unstable under the condition of alkali (pH=9.40), relatively stable at the pH=6.86, 60?Cand stable at the pH= 4.03 . Conclusion: The stability of forsythiaside can be affected by the condition of the acid, alkali and temperatures obviously.

Objective:To observe the fumigating insecticidal activity of 5 essential oils(asteraceae oil,rutaceae oil,mentha piperita oil,carvacryl oil and citronella oil) against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.Methods: Fumigating insecticidal activity was investigated by airtight fumigation in conical flask.Results: After different fumigating time,5 essential oils showed different toxity against Culex pipien quinqucfasciatus.Of 5 essential oils,rutaceae oil was the most toxic, with the LC 50 values being 0.013(0.5 h),0.055(4 h) and 0.058(24 h); asteraceae oil was the lowest toxic one, with the LC 50 values being 0.948(0.5 h),0.427(4 h) and 1.711(24 h).When LC 95 values of the 5 essential oils were used to treat Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus,the shortest fumigating time appeared in carvacryl oil(6.087 min) and the longest in citrinella oil(21.143 min).Conclusion: All the 5 essential oils have considerable insecticidal effects against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.Rutaceae oil and carvacryl oil are better than the others,which provides basic informations for the related field experiments.

Objective: To explore the impedance characteristics of ear acupoints in stroke patients with excess or deficiency syndrome, and to provide basis data for objective study of the syndromes of stroke. Methods: The data of electrical characteristics of ear acupoints in stroke patients and healthy people were collected, and excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome of stroke were identified by quantifying the syndromes of stroke using scales. The differences in impedance characteristics of ear acupoints between stroke patients and healthy people were analyzed, and the differences in impedance characteristics of ear acupoints between stroke patients with excess syndrome and stroke patients with deficiency syndrome were analyzed too. The correlation among impedance characteristics of ear acupoints, stroke and the syndromes was also analyzed. Results: There were significant differences in impedance characteristics of ear acupoints between stroke patients and healthy people (P<0.05,P<0.01). The ear acupoints CO12 (Gan) and CO13 (Pi) had a significant role in diagnosing stroke as compared with CO18 (Neifenmi), AT3.4.AH12i (Naogan), CO10 (Shen), TG2p (Shenshangxian), AH6a (Jiaogan), AT4 (Pizhixia), and CO15 (Xin). There were significant differences in impedance characteristics of ear acupoints between stroke patients with excess syndrome and stroke patients with deficiency syndrome (P<0.05, P<0.01). The ear acupoints AH6a (Jiaogan) and CO10 (Shen) played an important role in differentiation diagnosis of excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome of stroke, followed by CO18 (Neifenmi), TF4 (Shenmen) and TG2p (Shenshangxian). Conclusion: Some ear acupoints with diagnostic value for stroke may provide basis of objective research for stroke diagnosis as well as identifying excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome of stroke.

Purpose cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has no specific manifestations in clinic, it is often misdiagnosed and the treatment is delayed. This paper aims to evaluate magnetic resonance venography (MRV) in the detection of CVST by meta-analysis. Materials and Methods The articles concerning the diagnosis of CVST by using MRV were searched in the databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, VIP, Wanfang and CNKI. The QUADAS items were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The results were analyzed with software Metadisc1.4 and RevMan 5.0. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity, and the diagnostic odds ratio were calculated, and complete summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was drawn. Results Twelve studies of eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio and area under SROC curve for the MRV were 0.86 (0.80-0.91), 0.87 (0.83-0.93), 29.65 (12.48-70.47), and 0.9125, respectively. Conclusion MRV can be used as an effective method with its high value in the diagnosis of CVST.

Combined with opening the course of literature searching and sample checking of students,to explore the principle of opening the course of literature searching in adult medical students,the optimization of teaching content,the renewal of teaching instruments,so as to provide basis for opening the course of literature searching in adult medical students and improving their ability to gain new knowledge.

Objective To explore the clinical and CT characteristics of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations and improve the diagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical and CT manifestations in 15 patients with extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations proved by operation was done. Results Extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation at L4/5 level is more common. Intraforaminal lumbar disc herniations combined with extraforaminal herniation were seen in most cases. The clinical findings often presented lumbar bi-root compression syndromes. Conclusion The clinical presentation combined with CT image is the key to the correct diagnosis.

Total knee arthroplasty has become one of the effective operation methods on end-stage knee osteoarthritis. However,the postoperative pain has been plaguing the clinicians. The cause of postoperative pain can be divided into iatrogenic, prosthesis and patient. Pain treatment in perioperative period includes preoperative education, analgesia in advance, and the selection and design of reinforcement; during operation mainly includes the appropriate surgical approach, keep the balance of soft tissue around the knee joint, cocktail analgesia pain around the knee joint; after operation mainly includes oral analgesic drugs, femoral nerve tissue and patient controlled analgesia. And the multimodal analgesi.a which is the analgesic methods combined application in perioperative period raised in resent years fully intervene the pain in perioperative period,so that it can effectively reduce the pain of patients after knee replacement, promote the patients do functional exercise more better and get better operation result.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; Pain Management ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; etiology

Background: There are obvious changes in neuropeptides from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with vascular dementia (VaD), and regulating the levels of neuropeptides is a key for prevention and treatment of VaD. Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion at head-points in treatment of vascular dementia (VaD), and assess its effects on memory-related neuropeptides. Design, setting, participants and interventions: A total of 65 VaD patients from Acupuncture Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were randomly divided into moxibustion group (33 cases) and Western medicine group (32 cases). Patients in the moxibustion group were treated with indirect moxibustion with common monkshood cake for 20 min. Patients in the Western medicine group were orally administered piracetam tablets, 0.8 g for three times a day. One treatment course was 4 weeks, and they were treated for 4 treatment courses. Main outcome measures: The scores of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), as well as the levels of learning and memory-related neuropeptides from cerebrospinal fluid such as somatostatin (SS) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: Total response rate was significantly higher in the moxibustion group than in the Western medicine group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in scores of HDS, MMSE and ADL between before and after treatment in the two groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, the scores of HDS, MMSE and ADL in the moxibustion group were more improved as compared with those in the Western medicine group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of SS and AVP after treatment were higher than those before treatment in the two groups(P<0.01). After treatment, the increased levels of SS and AVP were higher in the moxibustion group than in the Western medicine group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Moxibustion is effective in improving the clinical symptom scores and regulating the levels of neuropeptides associated with learning and memory in VaD patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Dust ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Transients and Migrants ; psychology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The residual root of anterior teeth are usually repaired by means of post and cores plus porcelain fused metal crown in clinic, and the retention force is mainly provided by the post because of the deletion of crown, so the retention force provided by the post is directly correlated with the long-term effect of repair.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes of retention of cast metal post and core restorations with different convergence angles, and investigate the influence of convergence angles on retention.DESIGN: A repeated observational measurement.SETTING: Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the building of high polymer material of Sichuan University in May 2005. Fifty-four simulated tooth roots were manufactured by the numerical control machine tools.They were divided into six groups according to the convergence angles of post being 0°, 3.93°, 5.71°, 7.48°, 11.31° and 14.71°, with nine specimens in each group.METHODS: ① Manufacture of the standard specimens: The tooth roots with the convergence angles of 0°,3.93°, 5.71°, 7.48°, 11.31° and 14.71° were prepared with the digital control precision machine. ② Manufacture of the cast post and cores: The post and core wax patterns of the specimens were made in the condition similar to the clinical practice. The post and cores were cast and tried in, necessary grinding was made to ensure the adoption of the posts and the specimens. Then the posts were luted to the specimens with ZPC after the posts and the simulated root canals having een cleaned by alcohol. The posts and the specimens were pressed until the ZPC solidified. ③ Retention Force test: After having been dipped in physiological saline for 24 hours, the bonded castings and specimens were subjected to a tensile testing at the drawing speed of 10 mm per minute.The retention force of post was the load recorded when the post was pulled out from the specimen. ④ Planar bonding strength test: We cut a PMMA stick into the same little cylinders and made angular milling on the flank of the cylinders. The angle between the milled bevel and the central axis of the cylinder was controlled to 0°, 1.9°, 3°, 6°, 9°, 12° and 15°. Afterwards we cut the brass into pieces. Eight wafers were cast with the same diameter of 8 mm and thickness of 1 mm. With the same procedure of bonding the posts to specimens, the brass pieces were bonded to the cylinder bevels and the wafers were adhered to the upside of some unmachinized cylinders.Immerged in physiological saline for 24 hours, their bonding force were tested at the speed of 10 mm per minute, and the load was recorded when the pieces and wafers were separated from the cylinders. ⑤ Calculation of the frictional and interlocking forces: As the post can be regarded as a frustum, the bonding surface area can be calculated with the formula calculating the flank area of frustum, and the area of the occlusal bonding surface is the sum of the annulus part of the root surface and the circular part of the post tip. Some regressions were made to the retention force, frictional strength, bonding strength per unit area, retention force per unit area and frictional force per unit area to convergence angles.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Bonding strength of different convergence angles; ② Influence of different convergence angles on the area and bonding strength of the post; ③ Retention force and frictional force of posts with different convergence angles; ④ The results of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of bonding strength, retention force and frictional force per unit area.RESULTS: ① The bonding strength of different convergence angles: It was 0.309 0 N/mm2 for the occlusal plane, 0.128 3 N/mm2 for the axial plane with a convergence angle of 0°, 0.108 7 N/mm2 for the 1.9°axial plane, 0.107 2 N/mm2 for the 3°axial plane, 0.084 9 N/mm2 for the 6°axial plane, 0.056 7 N/mm2 for the 9°axial plane, 0.046 3 N/mm2 for the 12°axial plane, 0.027 4 N/mm2 for the 15°axial plane. ② Bonding strength and bonding area of posts with different convergence angles: The post with a 0°convergence angle had a total post area of 108.047 mm2 and bonding strength of 19.041 N; The most tapered post with 14.71°had a total post area of 90.245 mm2 and bonding strength of 5.131 N. ③ The retention force of cast post and the bonding strength of ZPC declined with the increasing of convergence angles of the post. For the parallel post (convergence angle=0°), the retention force was 321.60 N, the frictional force was 302.559 N, retention force per unit area was 2.976 N/mm2,frictional strength was 3.885 N/mm2; for the most tapered post (convergence angle=14.71°), the retention force was 9.93 N, frictional force was 54.799 N, retention force per unit area was 0.664 N/mm2, frictional force was 0.681 N/mm2. ④ A one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in the bonding strength, retention force and frictional force per unit area among the groups (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The retention force, frictional force and the bonding strength of ZPC decrease with the increasing of convergence angles of posts, so the convergence angles of posts should be reduced as much as possible to obtain greater retention.