BACKGROUND:Interproximal contact loss is a complication of posterior crown/bridge restorations with a higher incidence, and it is induced by a variety of factors, such as age, tooth position, occlusal contact, tooth loss time, whether there is a repair on the free end.OBJECTIVE:To study and analyze the loss of interproximal contact between posterior crown/bridge restorations and adjacent teeth.METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, observational clinical trial which has been completed at the Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, China. Totaly 82 patients who had underwent posterior crown/bridge restorations from June 2015 to June 2016 in the Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University were selected. The time of denture wearing was 1-40 months, and the interproximal contact loss was defined by a 30 μm adjacent contact check or a flossing that can pass through the detection area with no resistance. Single-factor analysis and multiple correlation analysis were performed to analyze the interproximal contact loss at 1, 3, 6 months after posterior crown/bridge restorations. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University of China with an approval number of 2016024. All protocols were in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. All patients and their relatives were informed of study protocols and provided a written informed consent prior to the beginning of the trial.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Of the 82 patients enroled, there were 41 adjacent contact zones with the emergency of interproximal contact loss, including 20 maxillary and 21 mandibular. It indicated that the interproximal contact loss had no association with the upper and lower jaw. Single-factor analysis showed that the time of denture wearing, tooth loss time and repair of the free end were confirmed as independent influencing factors for the complications (P < 0.05). Multiple correlation analysis found that free end repair and short-term tooth loss were independent factors of the interproximal contact loss. To conclude, free end repair and tooth loss time should be considered in the posterior crown/bridge restorations in order to minimize the occurrence of interproximal contact loss.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced ; immunology

With more and more attention and investment on acupuncture scientific researches, considerable outcomes and achievements has been acquired, but the shortcoming of low transformation rate of acupuncture research achievements is gradually exposed. Nowadays there is no related report on this problem, so based on achievement translational research in other areas and practical situation of acupuncture, the existing problems and solutions are analyzed. As a result, the existing problems include (1) the research content is mainly basic research and clinical research but less acupuncture device research, leading to limited transformation efficiency; (2) the evaluation system and transformation pattern are still needed to be perfect. The solutions are (1) to properly evaluate the research achievements of acupuncture, (2) to advocate the concept and method of translational medicine, (3) to reform the policy and system, and (4) to establish valid platforms covering research, outcomes and transformation.
Acupuncture ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; Biomedical Research ; Biotechnology ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; China ; Humans ; Technology Transfer

Objective To study the lysozyme activity in Oncomelania hupensis and observe its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth.Methods Soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis were initially homogenized and immersed in Tris-HCl-TritonX-114 buffer solution for 24 hours then the supernatant was collected after centrifugation at 10 000 × g for 10 minutes.The supernatant was incubated in a 37 ℃ water bath for 15 minutes and centrifuged again at 2000 × g for 10 minutes.The precipitate was put into ultrafiltration tube (relative retention molecular mass =3000) and centrifuged at 4 ℃,5 000 × g for 30 minute to obtain concentrated enzyme.The protein content,lysozyme activity and the antibacterial effect on Micrococcus lysodeikticus,Shigella dysenteriae,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were measured with bicinchonininc acid(BCA) method,turbidimetric method and agar diffusion (K-B) method,respectively.Results The antibacterial protein lysozyme was identified in gastropod protein concentration of the concentrated enzyme was 3.428 g/L.Average activity,total activity,and specific activity were (760 ± 120) × 103 U/L,(1520 ± 240) × 103 U/L and (221.70 ± 35.00)U/mg,respectively.The enzyme had produced exclusive inhibitory effects on growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Shigella dysenteriae.Average inhibitory diameters were 10-12 and 12-15 mm,respectively.No inhibition zone was observed in saline control,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Conclusions Lysozyme can be extracted from soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis with Tris-HCl-TritonX-114 buffer solution,and the enzyme has inhibitory effect on growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Shigella dysenteriae but has no antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

AIM:To explore the expression level of tristetraprolin(TTP)in rats after subarachnoid hemor-rhage(SAH)as well as the potential role of TTP in the early brain injury(EBI)after SAH in rats.METHODS:In the first experiment setting,total 56 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group and SAH group.The SAH mod-el was performed by endovascular perforation.The brain tissues were taken out after SAH at 5 different time points(0,12, 24,48,72 h and 1 week).The expression of TTP in the brain tissues was detected by Western blot.In the second experi-ment,a total of 60 SD rats were divided into 4 groups: sham group, SAH group, SAH +vector group and SAH +TPP group.Neurological score,brain water content and blood-brain barrier were evaluated at 48 h after SAH.TUNEL staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis in the rat brain tissue.ELISA method was used for quantitative detection of interleu-kin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The protein levels of TTP,Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the rat brain tissue were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:The protein expression of TTP in the brain was downregulated markedly from 12 h after SAH,reached the lowest level at 48 h,and then had an upward trend.After modeling for 48 h, Garcia neurological score was significantly reduced,and brain water content and Evans blue(EB)content of the brain tis-sue of the rats in SAH group were significantly higher than those in sham group(P<0.05).SAH induced significant in-creases in IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in the brain tissue(P<0.05).The number of TUNEL-stained cells was increased in the subcortical brain region after SAH compared with sham group.In addition,a lower level of Bcl-2 and higher levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the rat brains were observed at 48 h after SAH.However,the neurological deficit score was signif-icantly increased,and the brain water content and EB content in the rat brains were significantly reduced in SAH +TTP group in comparison with SAH +vector group(P<0.05).Over-expression of TTP dramatically suppressed the levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat brains,and reduced the number of TUNEL positive cells.Furthermore,upregulation of TTP signifi-cantly decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and evidently enhanced the expression of Bcl-2(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:The expression of TTP is significantly decreased in early period after SAH, and enhancing the level of TTP effectively inhibits EBI following SAH in rats.

In this study, we evaluated the difference ot biological characteristics in the MERS-CoV infected mice model in prior to transduction with different dosage of human DPP4. Firstly, we transduced different dosage of DPP4 (high or low) into mice, and then challenged them with MERS-CoV in order to establish the model. After establishment of mice model, we observed the clinical signs of disease, virus replication, immunopathogenesis and antibody response. The results indicated that the infected mice showed typical pneumonia, virus replication, histological lesions, and neutralizing antibody production. Moreover, the high dosage group was superior to the low dosage group. Fourteen days after infection, the specific antibody to virus structural protein and neutralizing antibody were analyzed, the high dosage group induced higher level antibody. In summary, the MERS-CoV infected mice model were established prior transduction with DPP4, and the level of DPP4 influenced the clinical signs of disease, virus replication and antibody response in this model.
Animals ; Coronavirus Infections ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; genetics ; physiology

Objective:To establish the pig model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation, and then investigate the protective role of sivelestat (SV) on the heart after resuscitation and its relation with β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods:Twenty-five healthy male white pigs were purchased. The animals were randomly divided into the Sham group ( n=6), cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (CPR, n=10), and CPR+SV group ( n=9). The experimental animal model was established by 9 min of cardiac arrest induced by the method of ventricular fibrillation and then 6 min of CPR in the CPR and CPR+SV groups. At 5 min after successful resuscitation, a dose of 10 mg/kg of SV was infused in a duration of 1h via the femoral vein with a micro-infusion pump in the CPR+SV group. Myocardial function evaluated by the values of stroke volume (SV) and global ejection fraction (GEF) was measured by PiCCO at baseline, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 h after resuscitation. The serum concentrations of cardiac injury biomarkers including cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) were measured by ELISA using blood samples drawn from the femoral vein at baseline, and at 1, 2, 4, and 24 h after resuscitation. The animals were euthanized at 24 h after resuscitation, and then cardiac tissue samples were harvested to measure the protein expression levels of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, c-Myc, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blot and the degree of cell apoptosis by TUNEL. Results:Prior to cardiac arrest, myocardial function and cardiac injury biomarkers were maintained at the same levels, and no differences were observed among the three groups (all P> 0.05). After resuscitation, myocardial dysfunction and cardiac injury were observed in the CPR and CPR+SV groups, in which the values of SV and GEF were significantly decreased and meanwhile the serum concentrations of cTnI and CKMB were significantly increased when compared with the Sham group (all P< 0.05). However, myocardial dysfunction and cardiac injury were significantly milder in the CPR+SV group, in which the value of SV at 4h post-resuscitation and the values of GEF starting 1h post-resuscitation were significantly increased, and the serum concentrations of cTnI and CKMB were significantly decreased at 4 and 24 h post-resuscitation when compared to the CPR group (all P< 0.05). Tissue measurements indicated that the change of β-catenin signaling pathway and the occurrence of cell apoptosis were observed in the heart at 24 h post-resuscitation in the CPR and CPR+SV groups, which were indicated by significant increases in the protein expression levels of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, c-Myc, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, and marked elevation in the index of cell apoptosis when compared with the Sham groups (all P< 0.05). However, the expression levels of proteins mentioned above were significantly decreased in the heart at 24 h post-resuscitation and the index of cell apoptosis was significantly reduced in the CPR+SV group when compared to the CPR group (all P< 0.05). Conclusion:SV has the protective role in alleviating post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and cardiac injury, in which the protective mechanism is possibly related to the alleviation of cell apoptosis through the inhibition of β-catenin signaling pathway activation.

Objective To compare the differences between electronic lesion of pyramidal tract and internal capsule hemorrhage in establishing spastic rat models.Methods Experimental animals were randomly assigned into three groups:electronic lesion group (EL),internal capsule hemorrhage group (ICH) and control group (CON,n=28).Seven,14,21 and 28 d after each treatment,the general conditions of the rats and behavioral tests on them were recorded; and the gastrocnemius Hoffman reflex (H reflex) was detected; and the percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber in quadriceps femoris were examined by skeletal muscle myosin ATP staining.Results Rats in EL group and ICH group showed significant differences in behavioral tests as compared with CON group (P＜0.05); the duration of symptoms of neurological deficit was significantly longer in EL group than the other two groups (P＜0.05).In contrast to CON group,the amplitude of gastrocnemius H reflex in EL group and ICH group was increased and the latency of H reflex was decreased with significant difference (P＜0.05),which could be observed till 28 d and 14 d,respectively,after each treatment.The percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber in quadriceps femoris EL and ICH groups was obviously increased as compared with that in CON group (P＜0.05),which persisted to 21 and 14 d,respectively,after each treatment.Meanwhile,rats in EL group showed significant differences in behavioral test,gastrocnemius H reflex and percentage of type] muscle fiber in quadriceps femoris as compared with ICH rats (P＜0.05).Conclusion The muscle tone of EL rats is higher,and lasts longer than that ofICH rats.

Objective To investigate the features of cognitive impairment in patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) and the correlation between the cognitive function and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (~1H-MRS). Methods Forty-five patients with CPS and 16 healthy controls were examined by the following means: memory function examination by the clinical memory scale, intelligence function examination by Ravin's standard progressive Matrices (R'SPM) and ~1H-MRS scan in the bilateral hippocampus. Memory quotient (MQ), Intelligence quotient (IQ), the levels ofNAA, Cho, Cr and the ratio of NAA/Cr+Cho were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficients were calculated. Results The scores of pointing memory, associational learning, image free memory, association memory of portrait and MQ except insignificant figure recognition were significantly lower in patients with CPS than those in the control group (P<0.05); the scores of Ravin's standard progressive matrices and IQ were noticeably lower in patients with CPS than those in the controls. The levels of NAA, Cho, Cr and the ratio of NAA/Cr+Cho in patients with CPS were significantly lower than those in the controls (P<0.05). Patients with CPS showed positive correlation between MQ and the level ofNAA, MQ and the ratio ofNAA/Cr+Cho, IQ and the level of NAA, as well as IQ and the ratio ofNAA/Cr+Cho (P<0.05); while level of Cho and both MQ and IQ were in inverse proportion (P<0.05) and no correlation between the lever of Cr and both MQ and IQ was found in patients with CPS (P>0.05). Conclusions The patients with CPS do have the cognitive impairment including short-term memory deficit and the decreased ability of abstraction, maturity judgment and reasoning. The correlation between cognitive function and the levels ofNAA, Cho, Cr and the ratio of NAA/Cr+Cho indicated that ~1H-MRS can check the cognitive function of patients with CPS in early stage objectively. Together with neuropsychology examination, ~1H-MRS can detect the disturbance of cognitive function in the patients with CPS precisely in early stage.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between genetic polymorphism of P53, P21, CCND1 and susceptibility of chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).

METHODS183 workers occupationally exposed to VCM were involved in our study. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CB-MN) assay was used to detect chromosome damage in peripheral lymphocyte. PCR-RFLP technique was applied to detect polymorphisms in P53 gene (exon4, intron3 and intron6), P21 gene (exon2 and exon3) and CCND1 (exon4).

RESULTSThe risk of chromosomal damage for VCM-exposed workers with more than 30 yr was 1.2202 (95% CI: 1.0580 approximately 1.4072, P = 0.0062) compared with the younger workers, and the risk of female workers was 1.1491 (95% CI: 0.9841 approximately 1.3416, P = 0.0772) compared with male workers. The MN frequency in subjects with P53 intron6 mutant homozygous and heterozygous was higher than their wild-type homozygous counterparts (OR = 1.3032, 95% CI: 1.1285 approximately 1.6405, P = 0.0285). P53 exon4, intron3 and intron6 haplotype pairs of BBB/AAA and BAB/AAA were associated with the increased frequencies of micronucleus.

CONCLUSIONAmong VCM-exposed workers, more than 30ys, female, carrying P53 intron6 mutated allele and BBB/AAA and BAB/AAA haplotype pairs have higher risk of chromosomal damage.