Acute tubular necrosis has been rarely reported as a complication of typhoid fever in the literature. We experienced four cases of acute tubular necrosis associated with typhoid fever in children. Patients showed significant titer of widal reaction associated with acute renal failure and one of them rised in 2 months after onset of clinical symptoms. Renal biopsy findings were compatible with acute tubular necrosis and immune complexes were not deposited in the glomeruli. Clinical and urinary findings were normalized by hemodialysis and antibiotic therapies. In conclusion, close longterm follow up of widal titer is mandatory in acute tubular necrosis, especially when associated with high fever.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Biopsy ; Child ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Necrosis* ; Renal Dialysis ; Typhoid Fever*

Pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly which presents clinical obstructive symptoms and signs of trachea, right main bronchus and esophagus due to left pulmonary artery abnormaly arises from proximal part of right pulmonary artery. Aberrant left pulmonary artery courses to the right above right main bronchus and then turns to the left, and courses to between the anterior of the esophagus and the posterior aspect of trachea. One of important clinical significances of the pulmonary artery sling is associated with intracardiac anomalies, and with tracheal stenosis and bronchomalacia due to press tracheobronchial tree by the aberrant pulmonary artery. It has been thought that embryological malconnection between the pulmonary artery bud from left sixth arch and the pulmonary posterior branchial plexus in the left lung bud. We had experienced 21 months old male infant with left pulmonary artery sling associated with persistent left superior vena cava and dextropostioned heart. The heart seems to move to right hemithorax due to hypoplasia or segmental atelectasis of right lung.
Bronchi ; Bronchomalacia ; Esophagus ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Vena Cava, Superior*

PURPOSE: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in young infants. This study was designed to determine feeding patterns in infants, and determine a correlation between feeding patterns and incidence of anemia. METHODS: This study was conducted by taking blood tests (hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices) by venipuncture with the electronic counters from 221 infants aged 9-12 months old, who came to Well Baby Clinics in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Sacred Heart Hospital for a health check-up. Their mothers answered a questionnaire regarding their feeding patterns. RESULTS: The 221 infants aged 9-12 months, were divided into three groups, i.e. infants who were exclusively breast-fed(group A=6.8%), those who had been given mixed feeding or breast milk for 2 months and then switched to artificial formula milk(group B=22.6%), and those who had been given artificial formula milk since birth(group C=70.6%). Of the 221 infants, 7 infants(3.2 %) were found to have iron deficiency anemia. Infants with anemia comprised 20.0%(3/15) of group A, significantly more than the 2.0(1/50) of group B and 1.9%(3/156) of group C(P<0.005). CONCLUSION: The incidence of iron-deficiency anemia was 3.2%, which was lower than previous reports, as 93.2% of the infants studied were from middle-class families. Seven infants with iron deficiency anemia were found to have been insufficiently fed with iron-rich weaning foods. Thus, studying the feeding patterns of infants is highly predictive of their risk for anemia. Therefore, regular blood tests on infants at high risk for anemia is recommended, as well as supplementary feeding of iron-fortified foods.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Erythrocytes* ; Feeding Behavior* ; Heart ; Hematocrit ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Malnutrition ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Pediatrics ; Phlebotomy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weaning

No abstract available.
Acrosome* ; Fertilization* ; Humans* ; Male ; Spermatozoa*

OBJECTIVE: This study was to compare the characteristics between parthenogenetic mES (P-mES) cells and in vitro fertilization mES cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mouse oocytes were recovered from superovulated 4 wks hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) female mice. For parthenogenetic activation, oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and 5microgram/ml cytochalasin-B for 4 h. For IVF, oocytes were inseminated with epididymal perm of hybrid F1 male mice(1x106/ml). IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in M16 medium for 4 days. Cell number count of blastocysts in those two groups was taken by differential labelling using propidium iodide (red) and bisbenzimide (blue). To establish ES cells, blastocysts in IVF and parthenogenetic groups were treated by immunosurgery and recovered inner cell mass (ICM) cells were cultured in LIF added ES culture medium. To identity ES cells, the surface markers alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, 3, 4 and Oct4 staining were examined in replated ICM colonies. Chromosome numbers in P-mES and mES were checked. Also, in vitro differentiation potential of P-mES and mES was examined. RESULTS: Although the cleavage rate (> or =2-cell) was not different between IVF (76.3%) and parthenogenetic group (67.0%), in vitro development rate was significantly low in parthenogenetic group (24.0%) than IVF group (68.4%) (p<0.05). Cell number count of ICM and total cell in parthenogenetic blastocysts (9.6+/-3.1, 35.1+/-5.2) were significantly lower than those of IVF blastocysts (19.5+/-4.7, 63.2+/-13.0) (p<0.05). Through the serial treatment procedure such as immunosurgery, plating of ICM and colony formation, two ICM colonies in IVF group (mES, 10.0%) and three ICM colonies (P-mES, 42.9%) in parthenogenetic group were able to culture for extended duration (25 and 20 passages, respectively). Using surface markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1 and Oct4 in P-mES and mES colony were positively stained. The number of chromosome was normal in ES colony from two groups. Also, in vitro neural and cardiac differentiation derived from mES or P-mES cells was confirmed. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that P-mES cells can be successfully established and that those cell lines have similar characteristics to mES cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Antigens, CD15 ; Bisbenzimidazole ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells* ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethanol ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Oocytes ; Propidium

Salmonella typhi splenic abscesses are a very rare complication of typhoid fever. Splenectomy is the standard surgical treatment for these lesions. But these days, with improvements in imaging techniques, percutaneous drainage of splenic abscesses has been demonstrated to be one of the alternative treatment in selected cases. We report the case of a 7 year-old male, who presented with Salmonella typhi in blood and urine cultures, and a 1: 320 in O titer of Widal test. Ultrasound and computed tomography showed a single splenic abscess, 3 cm in diameter. He was treated with antibiotics, but the symptoms were not relieved. Thus we performed the percutaneous drainage of the splenic abscess under ultrasound guidance. A culture of the aspirated material was positive for Salmonella typhi, and the boy's condition improved. We think that percutaneous drainage of a single lesion was an excellent alternative to surgery, particularly because our patient was young and spleen conservation was desirable.
Abscess/*therapy ; Case Report ; Child ; Drainage ; Human ; Male ; Splenic Diseases ; Typhoid Fever/*complications

Bony Callus ; Cicatrix ; Dentofacial Deformities ; Facial Asymmetry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goldenhar Syndrome ; Humans ; Mandible ; Osteotomy ; Periosteum ; Recurrence

OBJECTS: With the advancement of tissue engineering techniques, the effort to develop bioartificial mucosa have been actively delivered. The problem we met with this technique is the lack of mechanical strength between kerationocyte layer and dermal layer, where in the normal skin and mucosa, they are tightly bound with rete ridge structure. The purpose of this study is to understand the 2D and 3D structure of rete ridge of mucosa and skin paddle for rendering more biomimetic structure to the artificial mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral mucosa and skin from the patients who received the oral surgery and maxillofacial reconstruction were harvested. The epidermis was separated from the dermis after treating with dispase for 12-16 hours. H and E staining was performed for 2D(dimensional) structure study and confocal LASER and SEM study were performed for 3D structure. Mean height(Sc) and arithmetic mean deviation(Sa) of all surface height were calculated. RESULTS: The average height of rete ridge of skin flap was between 67.14micrometer and 194.55micrometer. That of oral mucosa was between 146.26micrometer and 167.51micrometer. Pressure bearing area and attached gingiva of oral mucosa showed deeper rete ridges. CONCLUSION: To obtain the adequate strength of artificially cultured keratinocyte skin and mucosa flap, it is necessary to imitate the original skin and mucosa structure, especially rete ridge. Through this study, 2D and 3D rete ridge structure of normal mucosa and skin was obtained. These results can be used as basis for substrate morphology for keratinocytes culture.
Biomimetics ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin* ; Surgery, Oral ; Tissue Engineering

Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis ; Osteolysis ; Osteolysis, Essential

BACKGROUND: The safety and clinical effectiveness data of peramivir in the real clinical field are limited. A prospective observational study was conducted based on the post-marketing surveillance data to evaluate the post-marketing safety and effectiveness of peramivir in Korean adults with seasonal influenza. METHODS: Among adults aged 20 years or older who were diagnosed with influenza A or B, patients who started peramivir within 48 hours from the initial symptoms of influenza were enrolled. All adverse events (AEs) that occurred within 7 days after administration of peramivir were checked. For the evaluation of effectiveness, changes in the severity of influenza symptoms and daily living performance were examined before and 7 days after the administration of peramivir. The date on which influenza related symptoms disappeared was checked. RESULTS: A total of 3,024 patients were enrolled for safety evaluation and 2,939 patients were for effectiveness evaluation. In the safety evaluation, 42 AEs were observed in 35 (1.16%) patients. The most common AE was fever. AEs were mostly rated as mild in severity. Serious AEs were observed in 10 patients and two of them died. However, both deaths were considered to be less relevant to peramivir. In the effectiveness evaluation, the severity of influenza symptoms decreased by 10.68 ± 4.01 points and daily living performance was improved 5.59 ± 2.16 points. Influenza related symptoms disappeared on average 3.02 ± 2.39 days after peramivir administration. CONCLUSION: Peramivir showed a tolerable safety profile and acceptable effectiveness in Korean adult patients with seasonal influenza.
Adult* ; Fever ; Humans ; Influenza, Human* ; Observational Study* ; Prospective Studies* ; Seasons ; Treatment Outcome