Glutathione S-Tanaferase (GST) is tripeptide, which plays a central role in the detoxification of electrophilic xenobioticas, including cytotoxic drugs and carcinogens, by conjugation with redueed glutathione. There are four major claases af human GST : pi, alpha, mu and rnicrosomal, They are propoaed as a marker for human and experimental neoplasia iincluding liver, kidney, lung,colon, uterine cervix, etc. Expression of pi, alphn, mu form of GST in control (15 cases), CIN (14 cases), invasive carcinoma (28 cases) of human uterine cervix was investigated immunohistochemically. They were selected fram September, 1992, to,June, 1992, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei university College of medicine. In nucleus, the expresaion of GST pi was increased statistically significant in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. compared to control(p=0.018, p=0.002). But expression of GST alpha, mu has no significant difference in each case. In cytoplasms, the expvession of GST pi was increased statistically significani, in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. (p=0.001, p<0.001). But expreasion of GST alpha, mu has no significant differenrce in each case. There was no statistically significant diHerence in expression of GST isoenzymes oC each nucleua and cytoplasm according to stage and cell type in Ca. oC Cx. The further evaluation of survival and expression of GST pi in Ca. of Cx. in order to establish new prognostic factor in Ca. of Cx.
Carcinogens ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Obstetrics

Due to the lowering of biological functions resulted from old age, the elderly is known to have many different clinical laboratory data compared with the young adults. But, in korea, such study is lacking. This research is to find the differences between the elderly and the young adults, and also to know the sexual differences, by comparing the outcomes of the clinical laboratory data. Along with that, it is to help clinical usage of the data in the future. The age of the elderly was between 60 and 83(average age 63.8), and that of the young controls was between 20 and 35. In both sexes, MCV, MCH, ESR, CRP,AST, ALT, gamma GTP, ALP, BUN, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the elderly than in the controls. And lymphocyte count(%), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, T3 were significantly lower in the elderly than in the controls(P<0.05). Hemoglobin, Hct, platelet count, T4 were significantly lower only in the male elderly, and eosinophil count(%), creatinine were significantly higher only in the female elderly(P<0.05). HDLcholesterol was significantly higher only in the male elderly(P<0.01). There were no significant difference between two groups regarding WBCcount, segment neutrophil count(%), monocyte count(%), TSH. Many clinical laboratory data are different between the elderly and the young adults, and some clinical laboratory data also have sexual differences.
Aged* ; Bilirubin ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Platelet Count ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND: Post-pneumonectomy empyema(PPE) is an uncommon but a serious complication. The management remains as challenge for general thoracic surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHOD: During the period of January 1990 to December 1996, we evaluated the results of 20 patients with post-pneumonectomy empyema. RESULT: Sex ratio were 15 male and 5 female patients with mean age of 41.5+/-21.5 yrs. The occurrence ratio of left to right side was 8:12. The most common disease for prior pneumonectomy was pulmonary tuberculosis. The duration between pneumonectomy and PPE was variable in 1 month to 6yrs. Fever was the most frequent symptom and S. aureus was the most frequent pathogen. In 13 cases, there were combined with BPF. Four patients underwent trans-sternal closure, and Clagett procedure was performed. There was one recurrence that later underwent muscle plombage and omentopexy later. Nine patients underwent omentopexy, muscle plombage and thoracoplasty. There were 7 cases that were not combined with BPF. All 7 patients underwent thoracoplasty, and two of them were combined with muscle plombage. Mean follow-up duration is 40+/-32.3 months. There were no late deaths nor recurrences of PPE. CONCLUSION: We conclude that early diagnosis and proper drainage in PPE patients are important in its initial stage of management, and also management is completely achieved in thoracoplasty with muscle plombage or omentopexy.
Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Empyema* ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonectomy ; Recurrence ; Sex Ratio ; Thoracoplasty ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Background: Attention should be paid to endoscopy-related complications and safety-related accidents that may occur in the endoscopy unit. This study investigated the current status of complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire survey on endoscopy-related complications was conducted in a total of 50 tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The results were compared to the population-level claims data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), which analyzed endoscopy procedures conducted in 2017 in Korea. Results: The incidences of bleeding associated with diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were 0.224% and 3.155% and 0.198% and 0.356%, respectively, in the 2017 HIRA claims data, compared to 0.012% and 1.857%, and 0.024% and 0.717%, in the 50 hospitals surveyed.The incidences of perforation associated with diagnostic and therapeutic EGD and with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were 0.023% and 0.613%, and 0.007% and 0.013%, respectively, in the 2017 HIRA claims data compared to 0.001% and 0.325%, and 0.017% and 0.206%, in the 50 hospitals surveyed. In the HIRA claims data, the incidence of bleeding/perforation after diagnostic colonoscopy in clinics, community hospitals, general hospitals, and tertiary hospitals was 0.129%/0.000%, 0.088%/0.004%, 0.262%/0.009%, and 0.479%/0.030% respectively, and the corresponding incidence of bleeding/perforation after therapeutic colonoscopy was 0.258%/0.004%, 0.401%/0.007%, 0.408%/0.024%, and 0.731%/0.055%. Conclusion The incidences of complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic EGD or colonoscopy tended to increase with the hospital volume in Korea.

Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a relatively well-recognized complication of bacterial meningitis, but is a rare initial manifestation in acute cryptococcal meningitis. We report a case of cryptococcal meningitis initially presenting with bilateral SNHL. Cryptococcal meningitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of abrupt-onset bilateral SNHL.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is commonly associated with small cell lung carcinoma. A 31-year-old female presented with amnesia and bizarre behavior for 1 month. Brain T2-weighted MRI showed high signal intensity in right medial temporal region. Abdominal CT revealed a mass in right lower abdomen, and subsequent excisional biopsy disclosed immature ovarian teratoma. Most symptoms improved after resection of the tumor. Our case demonstrates that immature ovarian teratoma also can be associated with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with good prognosis.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Amnesia ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic Encephalitis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Teratoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

An university student passed away by an unidentified bullet in a reserve force exercise. An X-ray could not find any bullet from the thorax. The post-mortem examination revealed that the victim had been killed by a 5.56 mm (diameter) bullet. The striation mark of the fatal bullet was coincided with a test fired bullet of a suspect's machine gun. However only blank cartridges had been fired according to the firing range records. Also, the examiner found that the mouth diameter of the fatal blank cartridge case is narrower than the others. In order to explain the strange happening, various situation of blank cartridge firing was considered. The examiner group noticed that the diameter of a blank cartridge mouth fired from an unexpelled bullet including gun may change. The authors test fired a blank cartridge case with a gun including an unexpelled bullet, and compared the shape of the mouth with the fatal blank cartridge case. The mouth shapes of two blank cartridges were coincided. The authors could conclude that the an unidentified suspect charged a bullet in the muzzle of the suspect's gun, and the bullet expelled by the gas pressure of the fatal blank cartridge case.
Autopsy ; Fires* ; Humans ; Mouth ; Thorax

Aneurysmal ruptures associated with middle cerebral artery(MCA) anomalies, such as a duplicated MCA and an accessory MCA, are quite rare. The authors reviewed the clinical relevance and possible etiology of these anomalies.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Rupture*

Diffuse leukoencephalopathy is a well-known complication of methotrexate in intrathecal or high dose intravenous administration, especially when it is combined with cranial radiation therapy. However, low dose intravenous methotrexate induced leukoencephalopathy has not been reported previously. A 46-year-old female was administered intravenous methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil with oral cyclophosphamide after a modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. After six cycles of chemotherapy, she developed rapidly progressing dementia and upper motor neuron signs. Brain MRI showed bilaterally symmetric white matter lesion without gadolinium enhancement. Laboratory investiga-tion showed no evidence of brain metastasis. This case suggests that low dose intravenous methotrexate can induce dif-fuse leukoencephalopathy.
Administration, Intravenous ; Brain ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cyclophosphamide ; Dementia ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Methotrexate* ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neurons ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: To determine how clinical and angiographic factors relate to the amount of subarachnoid blooddetected by computerized tomography in patients with a ruptured aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January1996 and December 1997, 22 patients with a posterior communicating artery aneurysm were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Oval(three of four cases), funnel(both cases), and daughter-sac (four of five cases) types of aneurysmalsac were found among the 13 patients with a large amount of subarachnoid blood ; eight of these had a past historyof hypertension or diabetes. Seven of eleven cases of cylindrical-type aneurysmal sac were found among the 9patients with a small amount of sularachnoid blood ; eight of these had no past history of hypertension ordiabetes. The average S/N ratio (ratio of maximum sac length to neck diameter) of patients with a small amount ofblood was higher than that of patients with a large amount of blood(2.72 vs 2.07). CONCLUSION: Although manyfactors influence the amount of subarachnoid blood in an aneurysmal rupture, we found that a large amount of bloodwas frequently present in the oval, funnel and daughter sac types of aneurysm, when S/N ratio was low, and when anunderlying disease such as hypertension or diabetes was present. Conversely, a small amount of blood was presentin the cylindrical type, when S/N ratio was high, and where there was no of underlying disease.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Neck ; Nuclear Family ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture