Glutathione S-Tanaferase (GST) is tripeptide, which plays a central role in the detoxification of electrophilic xenobioticas, including cytotoxic drugs and carcinogens, by conjugation with redueed glutathione. There are four major claases af human GST : pi, alpha, mu and rnicrosomal, They are propoaed as a marker for human and experimental neoplasia iincluding liver, kidney, lung,colon, uterine cervix, etc. Expression of pi, alphn, mu form of GST in control (15 cases), CIN (14 cases), invasive carcinoma (28 cases) of human uterine cervix was investigated immunohistochemically. They were selected fram September, 1992, to,June, 1992, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei university College of medicine. In nucleus, the expresaion of GST pi was increased statistically significant in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. compared to control(p=0.018, p=0.002). But expression of GST alpha, mu has no significant difference in each case. In cytoplasms, the expvession of GST pi was increased statistically significani, in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. (p=0.001, p<0.001). But expreasion of GST alpha, mu has no significant differenrce in each case. There was no statistically significant diHerence in expression of GST isoenzymes oC each nucleua and cytoplasm according to stage and cell type in Ca. oC Cx. The further evaluation of survival and expression of GST pi in Ca. of Cx. in order to establish new prognostic factor in Ca. of Cx.
Carcinogens ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Obstetrics

Due to the lowering of biological functions resulted from old age, the elderly is known to have many different clinical laboratory data compared with the young adults. But, in korea, such study is lacking. This research is to find the differences between the elderly and the young adults, and also to know the sexual differences, by comparing the outcomes of the clinical laboratory data. Along with that, it is to help clinical usage of the data in the future. The age of the elderly was between 60 and 83(average age 63.8), and that of the young controls was between 20 and 35. In both sexes, MCV, MCH, ESR, CRP,AST, ALT, gamma GTP, ALP, BUN, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the elderly than in the controls. And lymphocyte count(%), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, T3 were significantly lower in the elderly than in the controls(P<0.05). Hemoglobin, Hct, platelet count, T4 were significantly lower only in the male elderly, and eosinophil count(%), creatinine were significantly higher only in the female elderly(P<0.05). HDLcholesterol was significantly higher only in the male elderly(P<0.01). There were no significant difference between two groups regarding WBCcount, segment neutrophil count(%), monocyte count(%), TSH. Many clinical laboratory data are different between the elderly and the young adults, and some clinical laboratory data also have sexual differences.
Aged* ; Bilirubin ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Platelet Count ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND: Post-pneumonectomy empyema(PPE) is an uncommon but a serious complication. The management remains as challenge for general thoracic surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHOD: During the period of January 1990 to December 1996, we evaluated the results of 20 patients with post-pneumonectomy empyema. RESULT: Sex ratio were 15 male and 5 female patients with mean age of 41.5+/-21.5 yrs. The occurrence ratio of left to right side was 8:12. The most common disease for prior pneumonectomy was pulmonary tuberculosis. The duration between pneumonectomy and PPE was variable in 1 month to 6yrs. Fever was the most frequent symptom and S. aureus was the most frequent pathogen. In 13 cases, there were combined with BPF. Four patients underwent trans-sternal closure, and Clagett procedure was performed. There was one recurrence that later underwent muscle plombage and omentopexy later. Nine patients underwent omentopexy, muscle plombage and thoracoplasty. There were 7 cases that were not combined with BPF. All 7 patients underwent thoracoplasty, and two of them were combined with muscle plombage. Mean follow-up duration is 40+/-32.3 months. There were no late deaths nor recurrences of PPE. CONCLUSION: We conclude that early diagnosis and proper drainage in PPE patients are important in its initial stage of management, and also management is completely achieved in thoracoplasty with muscle plombage or omentopexy.
Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Empyema* ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonectomy ; Recurrence ; Sex Ratio ; Thoracoplasty ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Background: Attention should be paid to endoscopy-related complications and safety-related accidents that may occur in the endoscopy unit. This study investigated the current status of complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire survey on endoscopy-related complications was conducted in a total of 50 tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The results were compared to the population-level claims data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), which analyzed endoscopy procedures conducted in 2017 in Korea. Results: The incidences of bleeding associated with diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were 0.224% and 3.155% and 0.198% and 0.356%, respectively, in the 2017 HIRA claims data, compared to 0.012% and 1.857%, and 0.024% and 0.717%, in the 50 hospitals surveyed.The incidences of perforation associated with diagnostic and therapeutic EGD and with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were 0.023% and 0.613%, and 0.007% and 0.013%, respectively, in the 2017 HIRA claims data compared to 0.001% and 0.325%, and 0.017% and 0.206%, in the 50 hospitals surveyed. In the HIRA claims data, the incidence of bleeding/perforation after diagnostic colonoscopy in clinics, community hospitals, general hospitals, and tertiary hospitals was 0.129%/0.000%, 0.088%/0.004%, 0.262%/0.009%, and 0.479%/0.030% respectively, and the corresponding incidence of bleeding/perforation after therapeutic colonoscopy was 0.258%/0.004%, 0.401%/0.007%, 0.408%/0.024%, and 0.731%/0.055%. Conclusion The incidences of complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic EGD or colonoscopy tended to increase with the hospital volume in Korea.

Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a relatively well-recognized complication of bacterial meningitis, but is a rare initial manifestation in acute cryptococcal meningitis. We report a case of cryptococcal meningitis initially presenting with bilateral SNHL. Cryptococcal meningitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of abrupt-onset bilateral SNHL.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

PURPOSE: To determine how clinical and angiographic factors relate to the amount of subarachnoid blooddetected by computerized tomography in patients with a ruptured aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January1996 and December 1997, 22 patients with a posterior communicating artery aneurysm were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Oval(three of four cases), funnel(both cases), and daughter-sac (four of five cases) types of aneurysmalsac were found among the 13 patients with a large amount of subarachnoid blood ; eight of these had a past historyof hypertension or diabetes. Seven of eleven cases of cylindrical-type aneurysmal sac were found among the 9patients with a small amount of sularachnoid blood ; eight of these had no past history of hypertension ordiabetes. The average S/N ratio (ratio of maximum sac length to neck diameter) of patients with a small amount ofblood was higher than that of patients with a large amount of blood(2.72 vs 2.07). CONCLUSION: Although manyfactors influence the amount of subarachnoid blood in an aneurysmal rupture, we found that a large amount of bloodwas frequently present in the oval, funnel and daughter sac types of aneurysm, when S/N ratio was low, and when anunderlying disease such as hypertension or diabetes was present. Conversely, a small amount of blood was presentin the cylindrical type, when S/N ratio was high, and where there was no of underlying disease.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Neck ; Nuclear Family ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. It has been reported that metabolically obese is common even in normal weight individuals. In this study, we analysed characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors in normal and overweight men using waist- to -height ratio to find out whether it reflects such risks. METHOD: Study subjects were 510 men. (18.5or=0.5, Group 3; 25.0or=0.5. The prevalence, Odds ratio for cardiovascular risk factors were compared. RESULTS: In normal weight group, the prevalence of hypertension(P<0.01), high blood glucose(P<0.01), hypercholesterolemia (P<0.05), hypertrigtceridemia (P<0.01) was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2. In overweight group, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (P<0.01), low HDL(P<0.01) was significantly higher in group 4 than group 3. When compared odds ratio for each groups with reference to group 1, adjusted for age, smoking status and regular exercise, high blood glucose(4.48), hvpertrigtceridemia(5.91) in group 2,hyertension(3.54) ,hypertriglyceridemia (3.44) in group 3, hypertension(2.90), hypertriglyceridemia (3.81), low HDL(2.60) in group 4 were significantly higher. CONCLUSION: Waist-to-height ratio may be a useful method for early detection of abdominal obesity and it's related risk factors in normal and overweight individuals.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Male ; Mortality ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: Most of all studies about the relation between the health risk and obesity are based on the European and American data. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between adiposity and risk factors for cardio vacular disease (CVD) in normal weight individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal weight subjects with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 23 kg/m2 (76 subjects) and overweight subjects with a BMI between 23 and 25 kg/m2 (53 subjects) were retained for this study. Normal weight subjects were divided into three group of each adiposity variable, then three group and the overweight group were evaluated for the presence of CVD risk factors and analyze the correlation coefficients between adiposity variables and risk factors controlled for age in normal weight, overweight groups. Using logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of risk factors for each group of adiposity variables and the overweight group was estimated relative to the first group in normal weight subjects. RESULTS: Systolic BP, diastolic BP, LDL cholestrol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides in normal weight subjects were significantly correlated with all adiposity variables (P<0.01). Third group (3.7 for %fat and 4.7 for fat mass)of adiposity variables in the normal weight group and the overweight group (6.6 for %fat and 11.5 for fat mass) tended to have higher ORs compared to first group for risk factor variables. CONCLUSION: Normal weight subjects with elevated adiposity had higher prevalence of risk factors than normal weights subjects with less adiposity. Measuring of adiposity added additional information of cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal weight subjects.
Adiposity* ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight* ; Logistic Models ; Male* ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Triglycerides ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Body weight is an important factor that influence the bone density in postmenopausal women except estrogen dificiency. However, different results are reported about the relationship between body composition and bone density in the postmenopausal women. We have studied the relationship between age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), muscle mass, fat mass, fat free mass and bone density. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied 127 persons of postmenopausal women who visited university medical center and examined the inbody 3.0 and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) from Jan, 2001 to Jun, 2002. they didn't have any disease and didn't received hormone therapy, osteoporosis therapy or other medication that influence the bone density. RESULTS: The numbers of study subjects is total 127 persons. Mean age is 56.9+/-5.14, mean weight is 59.3+/-8.7 kg, mean BMI is 25.37+/-3.16 (kg/m2), mean fat mass is 20.02+/-5.05 kg, mean muscle mass is 37.49+/-4.50 kg, mean fat free mass is 39.80+/-4.70, mean BMD is 0.828+/-0.148 (g/cm2). In the result of linear regression analysis, age, height, weight, muscle mass, fat free mass, fat mass, BMI are significant determinants of BMD. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, age is the most significant determinant of BMD and besides age, fat free mass is the most significant determinant of BMD among body composition. CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women, age, height, weight, BMI, muscle mass, fat free mass, fat mass are significant determinants of BMD and besides age, fat free mass is the most significant determinant of BMD among the body composition. So, diet and exercise that increase fat free mass will contribute to bone density increment.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Academic Medical Centers ; Body Composition* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Diet ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Osteoporosis ; Waist-Hip Ratio

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is commonly associated with small cell lung carcinoma. A 31-year-old female presented with amnesia and bizarre behavior for 1 month. Brain T2-weighted MRI showed high signal intensity in right medial temporal region. Abdominal CT revealed a mass in right lower abdomen, and subsequent excisional biopsy disclosed immature ovarian teratoma. Most symptoms improved after resection of the tumor. Our case demonstrates that immature ovarian teratoma also can be associated with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with good prognosis.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Amnesia ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic Encephalitis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Teratoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed