BACKGROUND: this study was designed to estimate whether specific risk factors could increase the postoperative complication rate of pneumonectomy for chronic complicated inflammatory lung disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eighty-five patients underwent pneumonectomy for chronic complicated inflammatory lung disease(tuberculosis, 67 ; bronchiecasis 11; aspergiolosis, 4; others, 3) between January 1991 and August 1998. We performed a univariated statistical analysis to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with postoperative complications, RESULT: There was no operative mortality. There were a total of 18 postoperative complications(22.2%) Bronchopleural fistula(BPF) and empyema occurred in 5(5.9%) and 2(2.4%) respectively. General complication rate was significantly higher in patients with right-sided pneumonectomy(p=.029) extrapleural pneumonectomy(p=.009) and intraoperative pleural spillage due to cavity or lesion perforation (p=.004). The prevalence of BPF and empyema was higher in patients with right sided pneumonectomy(p=.007) extrapleural pneumonectomy(p=.015) and intraoperative pleural spillage due to cavity or lesion perforation(p=.003) which is as the same results as general complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative complication rate of pneumonectomy for chronic complicated lung disease is accptably low. But it is increase in patients with right sided pneumonectomy extrapleural pneumonectomy and intraoperative pleural spillage due to cavity or lesion perforation. therefore more careful and meticulous intra-operatve management are needed in right sided extrapleural pneumonectomy without intra-pleural spillage.
Empyema ; Humans ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Mortality ; Pneumonectomy* ; Postoperative Complications* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Acquired pulmonary artery stenosis which is secondary to tuberculosis is so rare that only a few scattered cases have been reported. We report one case of pulmonary stenosis caused by pulmonary tuberculosis.l A 50 year old man who gradually developed dyspnea was diagnosed as bilateral pulmonary stenosis, he underwent bypass surgery between the main diagnosed as bilateral pulmonary stenosis. he underwent bypass surgery between the main pulmonary artery and the right pulomonary artery with a 13mm Gortex ringed straight graft. The left pulmonary artery was too small to restore the perfusion. The patient was discharged on the 33rd day after the operation. Acquired pulmonary stenosis could be treated successfully with one-side pulmonary arery reconstruction.
Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND: Surgical correction of the full spectrum of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula has improved over the years, but the mortality and morbidity assoiated with repair of these anomalies still remains high. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzes 27 surgically treated patients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula at Dong-A University Hospital between January 1992 and March 1997. RESULT: There were 21 male and 6 female patients. Mean birth weight was 2.62+/-.385 kg(2.0~3.4 kg). Twenty- four(88.9%) had esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula, and 3(11.1%) had pure esophageal atresia. Four(14.8%) infants were allocated to Waterston risk group A, 18(66.7%) to group B, and 5(18.5%) to group C. In eighteen(66.7%) infants with associated anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies were the most common. Three had a gap length of 3.5 cm or greater(ultra-long gap) between esophageal segments, 7 had 2.0 to 3.5 cm(long gap), 8 had 1.0 to 2.0 cm(medium gap), and 9 had 1 cm or less(short gap) gap length. Among 27 neonates, 3 cases underwent staged operation, late colon interposition was done in 2, and all other 24 cases underwent primary esophageal anastomosis. Oerative mortality was 2/27(7.4%). Causes of death included acute renal failure(n=1), empyema from anastomotic leak(n=1), necrotizing enterocolitis(n=1), sepsis(n=1), insulin-dependent diabetus mellitus(n=1 . There were 4 anastomosis- related complications including stricture in 3, leakage in 1. Mortality was related to the gap length(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Although the complication rate associated with surgical repair of these anomalies is high, this does not always implicate the operative mortality. The overall survival can be improved by effective treatment for combined anomalies and intensive postoperatve care.
Birth Weight ; Cause of Death ; Colon ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Empyema ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Congenital lobar emphysema has the clinical features of an air block' syndrome with- out the evidence of pulmonary infection or intrabronchial foreign body. The hyperinflated lung causes a compression of uninvolved lobes creating respiratory distress, cyanosis within the first weeks of life. We experienced a case of congenital lobar emphysema diagnosed incidentally by chest reontgenogram in an infant with frequent upper respiratory infection within a few weeks of life. Chest X-ray revealed extensive emphysematous changes in the left upper lobe, shifting of heart and medistinum to the right and compression of the right lung. Respiratory distress, cyanosis and chest wall retraction ensued and left upper lobe Lobectomy was performed successfully.
Cyanosis ; Emphysema* ; Foreign Bodies ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Tumor recurrence is the most common cause of treatment failure, even after complete resection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the prognosis of patients with early recurrence in order to identify independent risk factors related to early recurrence. METHODS: Between February 1995 and December 2012, 242 patients who underwent surgical resection for stage I NSCLC at Dong-A University Hospital were reviewed. The factors predicting overall survival (OS) and early recurrence were investigated. We also investigated the relationship between the patterns and period of recurrence and clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: For patients with stage IA and IB NSCLC, the 5-year OS rate was 75.7% and 57.3% (p=0.006), respectively. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that gender (p=0.004), comorbidity number (p=0.038), resection type (p=0.002), and tumor size (p=0.022) were the statistically significant predictors of OS. Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that smoking history (p=0.023) and histologic grade (p=0.012) were the independent predictors of early recurrence. Additionally, only histologic grade (poor differentiation) was found to be significantly associated with a higher frequency of distant metastasis; there was no relationship between the patterns and period of recurrence and clinicopathological factors. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that smoking history and histologic grade were independent prognostic factors for early recurrence within two years in patients with early-stage NSCLC. Patients with these predictive factors may be good candidates for adjuvant therapy.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Treatment Failure

BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy for inflammatory lung disease has been of major concern because of its associated morbidity and mortality, particularly with respect to pleuropneumonectomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes, and identify the risk factors contributing to postoperative complications in patients undergoing pleuropneumonectomy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ninety-eight patients underwent pneumonectomy for benign inflammatory lung disease were retrospectively analyzed. Pleuropneumonectomy (Group A) was done in 48 patients and standard pneumonectomy (Group B) was done in 50 patients. Clinical characteristics, postoperative complications were examined and compared between 2 groups. In pleuropneumonectomy group, postoperative risk factors affecting morbidity were evaluated. RESULT: There was one in-hospital death. Twenty-three major postoperative complications occurred in 21 patients (21.4%). The common complications were empyema and bronchopleural fistula (BPF) in 8 (8.4%), re-exploration due to bleeding in 8. At least one postoperative complication occurred in 14 of 48 patients from Group A (29.2%) and in 7 of 50 patients from Group B (14%). In Group A, empyema and BPF encountered in 6 and re-exploration for bleeding in 6 were the most common complication. In univariate analysis, right pneumonectomy, completion pneumonectomy, large amount of blood loss (>1,000 mL), and intrapleural spillage were risk factors contributing to postoperative complications in Group A. In multivariate analysis, intrapleural contamination during operation was a risk factor of postoperative complication. CONCLUSION: The morbidity and mortality rates of pneumonectomy for chronic inflammatory lung disease are acceptably. However, we confirm that pleuropneumonectomy is a real technical challenge and a high-risk procedure and technically demanding. Meticulous surgical techniques are very important in preventing serious and potentially lethal complications.
Empyema ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pneumonectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement is an extensive operation that opens both the pleural cavity and abdominal cavity, which has high mortality and morbidity rate. The authors have reported 9 cases of the thoracoabdominal aortic replacement in 2001. Since 2003 we have applied the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest to the Crawford type I and II thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. Therefore, we analysed the effect of the changes in operative techniques. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1996 and 2005, we have performed 20 cases of thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. The underlying diseases were 8 cases of atherosclerotic aneurysm with 4 cases of ruptured aneurysm and 12 cases of aortic dissection with 10 cases of a previous operations. According to Crawford classification, there were 2 cases of type I, 7 cases of type II, 1 case of type III, 7 cases of type IV, and 3 cases of type V. We compaired the results of the patients who underwent thoracoabdmoninal replacement before 2001 which already has been reported and after then. RESULT: Before 2001 we have performed 9 cases of thoracoabdominal replacement and 5 patients were died of the operation. All three patients with type I and II were died. There was no case of thoracoabdominal replacement between 2001 and 2002, but after 2003 we have performed 11 cases of thoracoabdominal replacement which involved 1 case of type I, 5 cases of type II, 1 case of type III, 2 cases of type IV and 2 cases of type V. There was no mortality and no fetal complications. CONCLUSION: The deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is a safe method of extended thoracoabdominal aortic replacement.
Abdominal Cavity ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced* ; Classification ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pleural Cavity

BACKGROUND: Aortic diseases tend to involve the entire aorta. Hence, there is the constant possibility of the need for a secondary operation at the remnant aorta. This study analyzed our cases of secondary aortic surgery in order to determine its characteristics and problems. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between April 2003 and June 2007, 12 patients (6 male and 6 female) underwent thoracoabdominal aortic replacement as a secondary aortic operation. Their clinical courses were analyzed. Four of the patients underwent lower thoracobadominal aortic replacement under the normothermic femorofemoral bypass, and the others underwent an entire thoracobdominal aortic replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. RESULT: There was no death or paraplegia. As local complications, there were 3 cases of wound infection and 2 cases of an immediate reoperation caused by bleeding and one case of delayed wound revision for a contaminated perigraft hematoma. As a systemic complication, there was one case of renal insufficiency, which required hemodialysis and one case of respiratory insufficiency that needed prolonged ventilator care. The mean admission period was 30+/-21 days. All the patients were followed up for 626+/-542 days without reoperation or other problems. CONCLUSION: Using properly selected patients and a careful approach, thoracoabdominal aortic replacement can be performed safely as a secondary aortic surgery.
Aorta ; Aortic Diseases ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Paraplegia ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Reoperation ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Wound Infection

Since the operative mortality rate of the Acute aortic dissection has been reducing, a more extensive primary repair of the dissected aorta is preferred for acute aortic dissection to reduce the needs of secondary procedures. We performed a total aortic arch replacement with distal stent-grafting in acute type A aortic dissection. The patient was a 50-years old man. He recovered from the operation and was followed up for 7 months. The pseudolumen in the descending aorta was obliterated with the stent.
Mortality

BACKGROUND: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is still one of the more challenging congenital heart defects in newborns and young infants. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the early and midterm results of the surgical corrections for patients in early infancy with isolated TAPVC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Hospital records of 15 consecutive patients in early infancy (January 1993 to August 1998) were retrospectively reviewed. There were 8 boys and 7 girls whose ages ranged from 4 days to 3.5 months (median age 22 days). Their body weight ranged from 1.75 kg to 4.9 kg (mean 3.54 kg). The abnormal anatomical connections were supracardiac in 11, cardiac in 3, and infracardiac in 1. In 6 patients (40%), the pulmonary venous drainage was obstructive. Total circulatory arrest was used in 13 patients. Anastomosis between the common pulmonary vein and the left atrium was performed with a continuous suture technique using a fine nonabsorbable polypropylene suture through a lateral approach behind the right atrium. RESULT: There was one hospital death (6.5%) caused by a sepsis 17 days after the operation in a neonate who had supracardiac drainage and was dependent on a ventilator preoperatively. There were 2 late deaths. One died sudde`nly of an unknown cause at home 2.5 years after the operation and the other died of a recurrent pulmonary hypertension 3 months after the reoperation due to pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). Two patients required reoperations because of PVO 5 months and 10 months respectively after the initial operation. Of these patients, one patient is alive at the present time with persistent pulmonary hypertension. All survivors without postoperative PVO (78.6%) were in NYHA functional class I at mean follow-up of 25.8 months (0.5~67 months). CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of TAPVC in early infancy can be performed at low risk. However, there were 2 postoperative PVOs (14.3%) which had bad results. The survivors without postoperative PVO had excellent functional status.
Body Weight ; Drainage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Atria ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Polypropylenes ; Pulmonary Veins ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Survivors ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Ventilators, Mechanical