Congenital lobar emphysema has the clinical features of an air block' syndrome with- out the evidence of pulmonary infection or intrabronchial foreign body. The hyperinflated lung causes a compression of uninvolved lobes creating respiratory distress, cyanosis within the first weeks of life. We experienced a case of congenital lobar emphysema diagnosed incidentally by chest reontgenogram in an infant with frequent upper respiratory infection within a few weeks of life. Chest X-ray revealed extensive emphysematous changes in the left upper lobe, shifting of heart and medistinum to the right and compression of the right lung. Respiratory distress, cyanosis and chest wall retraction ensued and left upper lobe Lobectomy was performed successfully.
Cyanosis ; Emphysema* ; Foreign Bodies ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

Medicolegal autopsy is a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze various aspects of the 4,861 deaths that were categorized as unusual in Korea in 2013. A total of 4,861 deaths were analyzed by gender, age, manner of death, and cause of death. Of the 4,861 deaths, 3,542 (73.3%) were of men and 1,302 (26.7%) were of women. With respect to the manner of death, 54.4% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.8% were natural deaths, and 6.9% had unknown causes. Of the 2,642 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were determined to be accidental deaths, 26.3% suicidal, 16.9% homicidal, and 11.8% undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.1% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down accounted for 33.8%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.0% of unnatural deaths, and of these, the predominant cause was hanging (58.8%). In addition, 14.4% of deaths were due to drowning, 12.9% poisoning, 11.0% thermal injuries, 1.8% complications arising from medical procedures, and 0.8% electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 52.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%. Of the 196 deaths among children under the age of 10 years, 41.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 45.1% were natural deaths, and 1.5% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job DemandsResources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5 th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Methods: This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated. Results: The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ2 : 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive. Conclusions The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job DemandsResources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5 th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Methods: This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated. Results: The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ2 : 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive. Conclusions The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.

This study was performed to investigate the anatomical features of vertebral artery between the atlas and the axis. For this, we examined four angles (angle I, angle II, angle III and angle IV) to identify tortuosity of vertebral artery and diameter between the atlas and the axis. Materials used in this study were 93 vertebral arteries obtained from 48 adult Korean cadavers (34 males, 14 females) ranging from 18 to 90 years in age. On the anterior view, the vertebral artery relatively ascended vertically from C6 to the axis and then laterally passed through the foramen transversarium (FT) of the axis. The average of this angle I was 83.3 degree. The average of the right and left sides of this angle I were 84.7 degree and 82.0 degree, respectively. The average of angle I (95.4 degree) in female was larger than that (80.5 degree) of male. The artery passed through the FT of the axis turned to the superior direction. The average of this angle II was 95.9 degree. The right and left sides of the angle II were 97.8 degree and 93.8 degree, respectively. As the angle I, the average of angle II (110.6 degree) in female was larger than that of angle II (93.1 degree) in male. On the lateral view, the vertebral artery relatively ascended vertically from C6 to the axis and then posteriorly passed through the FT of the axis. The average of this angle III was 71.3 degree. The artery passed through the FT of the axis turned to the superior direction. The average of this angle IV was 87.3 degree. In angle III and angle IV, the average of angle in female were larger than that of male. These results show that female has greater tortuosity than male. The average diameter of the vertebral artery was 3.7 mm and the average diameter of right and left are 3.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. In 76% of the total, left vertebral artery diameter was larger than that of the right.
Adult ; Arteries ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vertebral Artery*

PURPOSE: To report a case of Chrysosporium parvum endophthalmitis after trauma. METHODS: A 42-year-old healthy woman visited our hospital complaining of ocular pain after trauma sustained with a wire used to tie grapes. She showed corneal laceration and iris prolapse of the right eye on slit lamp examination. She underwent primary suture of the corneal laceration. Two days later, she presented with hypopyon of the anterior chamber. She was treated with topical antibiotics and a topical steroid. On follow-up examination, she again presented with hypopyon of the anterior chamber. She was admitted for microbiologic examination and was again treated with topical antibiotics and a topical steroid. Unfortunately, no organisms were identified by culture. Later, she reported a recurrent history of the inflammation. After 9 months, she presented with increased hypopyon of the anterior chamber and was treated with anterior chamber irrigation and intracameral antibiotics injection on two different occasions. But, still no organisams were identified. After one year, the patient visited our clinic with ocular pain and decreased visual acuity. Her intraocular pressure was 72 mmHg and there was whitish infiltration and hypopyon around 360 degrees of the anterior chamber and angle. At the same time, the intraocular pressure and inflammation were uncontrolled. Ultimately, microscopic examination of specimens obtained directly from tissue after enucleation identified the organism as Chrysosporium parvum. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a case of Chrysosporium parvum endophthalmitis after trauma. To our knowledge, this was the first report of a case of Chrysosporium parvum endophthalmitis in the world.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chrysosporium* ; Endophthalmitis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Lacerations ; Prolapse ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity ; Vitis

Authors found a case of anti-Wr(a) with anti-E antibody in 67 years old female patient. Anti-Wr(a) in Korea was reported for the first time in 2005. Anti-Wr(a) has been associated with hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). It is necessary to study the incidence of Wr(a) antigen and anti-Wr(a) in Korea.
Aged ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea

The authors report a case of angiographycally occult intracranial vascular malformation. The patient had huge calcified mass at left frontoparietal area. The preoperative diagnosis was a slowly growing benign tumor. The mass was very hard and so vascular malformation was not suspected even during the operation. Pathologic report revealed arteriovenous malformation.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Vascular Malformations

Tali are one of the essential components for weight bearing and play an important role in the foot action. The three calcaneal articular facets of the talus are believed to have diverse morphological variations. However, so far, analysis of the articular facets has not been performed in Korean. In the present study, we classified calcaneal articular facets of the talus and measured several parameters of this bone in Korean adults. Seventy six dry tali (male, 47; female, 29; right, 38; left 38) obtained from forty six (male, 28; female, 18) Korean adult cadavers were used for the investigation. The average age of the cadavers was 64-year-old. Types of calcaneal articular facets of the talus were classified as follows: Type A, a type with three separated facets; Type B, types in which anterior and middle facets are connected, but distinguished by a ridge. Type B was subdivided into B1 (having a notch that separates the two facets partially) and B2 (without a definite notch, thus the two facets appear to be continuous smoothly); Type C, a type with combined anterior and middle facets. Type B was found to be the most common type (60.5%), and the incidence of its subtype B1 (28.9%) and B2 (31.6%) was similar to each other. Type C was noted in 30.3% of the cases, and type A was ranked the lowest (9.3%). Compared to the opposite gender, type C occurred more frequently in males, while type B1 was more prevalent in females. The length of the talus was somewhat longer in males (55.9 mm) than in females (52.8 mm). However, there was no difference between the two sexes in the width of the talus. We could confirm that morphology of calcaneal articular facets of the talus is different between males and females. Also, our results indicate that characteristics of the facets of Korean differ from those of other races. The characteristics of calcaneal articular facets of the talus disclosed by the present study may provide valuable information for the understanding of motor mechanics of the foot in Korean.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mechanics ; Subtalar Joint ; Talus ; Weight-Bearing

A 39-year-old hairdresser developed sodium bromate poisoning after drinking a cup of hair neutralizer in a suicide attempt. This is the first case of visual loss afteringestion of sodium bromate. Only few cases are as a cause of acute renal failure reported in medical literature. She presented 1 day later with anuria, required hemodialysis. Sensorineural hearing loss, often a characteristic finding, was developed.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Adult ; Anuria ; Deafness* ; Drinking ; Hair ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Poisoning* ; Renal Dialysis ; Sodium* ; Suicide