Congenital lobar emphysema has the clinical features of an air block' syndrome with- out the evidence of pulmonary infection or intrabronchial foreign body. The hyperinflated lung causes a compression of uninvolved lobes creating respiratory distress, cyanosis within the first weeks of life. We experienced a case of congenital lobar emphysema diagnosed incidentally by chest reontgenogram in an infant with frequent upper respiratory infection within a few weeks of life. Chest X-ray revealed extensive emphysematous changes in the left upper lobe, shifting of heart and medistinum to the right and compression of the right lung. Respiratory distress, cyanosis and chest wall retraction ensued and left upper lobe Lobectomy was performed successfully.
Cyanosis ; Emphysema* ; Foreign Bodies ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

Medicolegal autopsy is a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze various aspects of the 4,861 deaths that were categorized as unusual in Korea in 2013. A total of 4,861 deaths were analyzed by gender, age, manner of death, and cause of death. Of the 4,861 deaths, 3,542 (73.3%) were of men and 1,302 (26.7%) were of women. With respect to the manner of death, 54.4% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.8% were natural deaths, and 6.9% had unknown causes. Of the 2,642 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were determined to be accidental deaths, 26.3% suicidal, 16.9% homicidal, and 11.8% undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.1% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down accounted for 33.8%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.0% of unnatural deaths, and of these, the predominant cause was hanging (58.8%). In addition, 14.4% of deaths were due to drowning, 12.9% poisoning, 11.0% thermal injuries, 1.8% complications arising from medical procedures, and 0.8% electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 52.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%. Of the 196 deaths among children under the age of 10 years, 41.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 45.1% were natural deaths, and 1.5% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job DemandsResources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5 th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Methods: This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated. Results: The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ2 : 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive. Conclusions The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job DemandsResources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5 th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Methods: This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated. Results: The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ2 : 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive. Conclusions The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.

A 55 yr -old female patient visited to the OPD of OS department complaining of the lumbago, the radiating pain to right thigh and the swelling of right knee and calf regions. On routine chest and abdominal X -ray and ECG, the dextrocardia was revealed. For further detail examination, Doppler US, lung perfusion scan, MRI images were obtained. As a result, the situs inversus with dextrocardia was confirmed. Other congenital anomalies or diseases were not combined. The patient was cared with conservative treatment of lowback pain via OPD. And she was recovered successfully.
Dextrocardia ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Low Back Pain ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Perfusion ; Situs Inversus* ; Thigh ; Thorax

PURPOSE: An overactive bladder (OAB) may be defined as urgency that is a sudden, compelling, difficult to defer desire to pass urine that is usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia and possibly by incontinence. Obesity and old age are two factors in various causes of OAB. Several epidemiologic studies have identified positive associations among obesity, old age, urinary incontinence, and OAB. However, although exercise has been known to improve obesity and reduce incontinent urine loss, little research has been done in elderly women. Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise on obesity-related metabolic factors, blood lipid factors, and OAB symptoms in elderly Korean women. METHODS: Twenty-one women aged between 69 and 72 years were recruited from the Seoul senior towers in Korea. All subjects worked out on a motorized treadmill and stationary cycle for 40 minutes, respectively, and performed resistance exercise for 30 minutes once a day for 52 weeks. Body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, OAB symptom score, and King's health questionnaire were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: Before performing physical exercise, all subjects showed increased OAB symptoms in association with enhanced body mass index (BMI), percentage fat, and blood lipid profiles. However, physical exercise for 52 weeks suppressed BMI, percentage fat, and blood lipid profiles and thus improved OAB symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that long-term physical exercise can be a valuable tool for remarkable improvement of OAB.
Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nocturia ; Obesity ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urinary Incontinence

This study was performed to investigate the anatomical features of vertebral artery between the atlas and the axis. For this, we examined four angles (angle I, angle II, angle III and angle IV) to identify tortuosity of vertebral artery and diameter between the atlas and the axis. Materials used in this study were 93 vertebral arteries obtained from 48 adult Korean cadavers (34 males, 14 females) ranging from 18 to 90 years in age. On the anterior view, the vertebral artery relatively ascended vertically from C6 to the axis and then laterally passed through the foramen transversarium (FT) of the axis. The average of this angle I was 83.3 degree. The average of the right and left sides of this angle I were 84.7 degree and 82.0 degree, respectively. The average of angle I (95.4 degree) in female was larger than that (80.5 degree) of male. The artery passed through the FT of the axis turned to the superior direction. The average of this angle II was 95.9 degree. The right and left sides of the angle II were 97.8 degree and 93.8 degree, respectively. As the angle I, the average of angle II (110.6 degree) in female was larger than that of angle II (93.1 degree) in male. On the lateral view, the vertebral artery relatively ascended vertically from C6 to the axis and then posteriorly passed through the FT of the axis. The average of this angle III was 71.3 degree. The artery passed through the FT of the axis turned to the superior direction. The average of this angle IV was 87.3 degree. In angle III and angle IV, the average of angle in female were larger than that of male. These results show that female has greater tortuosity than male. The average diameter of the vertebral artery was 3.7 mm and the average diameter of right and left are 3.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. In 76% of the total, left vertebral artery diameter was larger than that of the right.
Adult ; Arteries ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vertebral Artery*

The authors report a case of esthesioneuroblastoma with intracranial extension treated by craniofacial resection. The tumor was resected by transbasal approach and repaired the dural defect using pericranial flap. The defect of floor of anterior cranial fossa was repaired with splitted calvarium and pericranial flap. Otorhinolaryngologist removed the residual tumor mass located at paranasal sinuses using lateral rhinotomy. Using cranifacial resection, the authors could remove the mass completely. The patient was referred to hemato-oncologist for chemotherapy.
Cranial Fossa, Anterior ; Drug Therapy ; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory* ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Skull

OBJECTIVES: This study is to examine the efficacy and the limitation of translated Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale. The Korean version of the scale is to be used for treatment and research on alcoholism. METHODS: This study was carried out to examine reliability and validity of the translated Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale. One hundred forty two out-patient alcohol dependence subjects were measured of their cognitive and behavioral aspects of craving with this scale. RESULTS: For 142 tested alcoholic subjects, internal consistency among 14 items of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale was 0.8947(Crohnbach's alpha). For 40 detoxified alcoholics, test-retest reliability of total score of the Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale was 0.76 (correlation coefficient, p<0.01). In 131 alcoholic subjects, validity of total score of the Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale was examined by correlation analysis with visual analogue scale (VAS). Correlation coefficient was 0.52 with VAS. Especially, correlation coefficient of compulsive subscale of the Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale was 0.61 with VAS. The total score of the Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale which was analyzed by repeated measure analyses of variance during 8 weeks was significantly different between the relapse group and the abstinence group. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale shows very similar psychometric performance to the original Obsessive-compulsive Drinking Scale developed by Anton. The Korean version, therefore, is an useful instrument that reflects characteristic drinking behaviors of alcoholics.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Drinking Behavior ; Drinking* ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Psychometrics ; Recurrence ; Reproducibility of Results*

PURPOSE: For tachycardic patients not in need of immediate cardioversion, the International Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care emphasize specific rhythm diagnosis and avoidance of simplistic overuse of adenosine. The purpose of this study was to identify the rhythms for which adenosine was inappropriately prescribed at the emergency department after the International Guidelines 2000 had been adopted. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 128 tachycardic patients who had been prescribed adenosine at the emergency department from September 2000 to March 2003. Patients were divided into two groups. The Appropriate Use Group was comprised of patients for whom had been prescribed for narrow QRS-complex tachycardia on the initial ECG. The Inappropriate Use Group was comprised of patients for whom adenosine had been prescribed for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, and wide QRS-complex tachycardia of unknown origin on the initial ECG. RESULTS: Of the 128 patients, 31 (24.2%) were in the Inappropriate Use Group. Among them, atrial fibrillation was involved in 15, atrial flutter in 3, atrial tachycardia in 2, sinus tachycardia in 8, and wide QRS-complex tachycardia of unknown origin in 3. CONCLUSION: Approximately 24% of the emergency department patients who were treated with adenosine received the medication unnecessarily for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, and wide QRS-complex tachycardia of unknown origin. Additional education on electrocardiographic recognition of tachyarrhythmias, and the Tachycardia Algorithms of Guidelines 2000 may be necessary for residents of emergency department.
Adenosine* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Flutter ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Sinus