To verify the accuracy and reproducibility of corneal thickness measurements obtained with Orbscan (Orbtek, Inc., Salt Lake City, USA), the measurements were compared with those taken with an ultrasound pachymeter (Omega Compuscan, Storz). Central corneal thickness was measured by each method in 100 eyes of 50healthy subjects. The averages by the two methods were compared. One examiner took the measurements twice by each method in 20 eyes of 10 subjects, and intraexaminer reproducibility was evaluated. Two examiners measured the thickness in 20 eyes of 10 subjects and interexaminer reproducibility was assessed. The average corneal thickness was 550.27+/-3.56 micrometer in the Orbscan measurements and 526.62+/-3.70 micrometer in the ultrasound pachymetry: There was a statistically significant difference between the two methods. Significant difference was noticed but this showed a constant corresponding correlation with the Orbscan showing a 4.4%lower average. The intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility showed high reliability(Guttman split-half point<0.99). The Orbscan pachymetry is a highly reliable method and may be widely used in clinical practice.
Corneal Pachymetry* ; Lakes ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Socioeconomic Factors

Narrow QRS tachycardia is a common clinical condition characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS complex duration of less than 120 ms. This article provides an overview of the diagnostic approach to narrow QRS tachycardia, focusing on the differentiation between various supraventricular tachycardias, such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrial tachycardia (AT), and sinus tachycardia. The discussion includes an analysis of the presenting symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, and the use of vagal maneuvers and pharmacological agents in diagnosis.

Narrow QRS tachycardia is a common clinical condition characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS complex duration of less than 120 ms. This article provides an overview of the diagnostic approach to narrow QRS tachycardia, focusing on the differentiation between various supraventricular tachycardias, such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrial tachycardia (AT), and sinus tachycardia. The discussion includes an analysis of the presenting symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, and the use of vagal maneuvers and pharmacological agents in diagnosis.

Narrow QRS tachycardia is a common clinical condition characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS complex duration of less than 120 ms. This article provides an overview of the diagnostic approach to narrow QRS tachycardia, focusing on the differentiation between various supraventricular tachycardias, such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrial tachycardia (AT), and sinus tachycardia. The discussion includes an analysis of the presenting symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, and the use of vagal maneuvers and pharmacological agents in diagnosis.

Narrow QRS tachycardia is a common clinical condition characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS complex duration of less than 120 ms. This article provides an overview of the diagnostic approach to narrow QRS tachycardia, focusing on the differentiation between various supraventricular tachycardias, such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), atrial tachycardia (AT), and sinus tachycardia. The discussion includes an analysis of the presenting symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, and the use of vagal maneuvers and pharmacological agents in diagnosis.

OBJECTS: Event related potential(ERF) has been recently applied to examine the neurophysiological disturbance in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), particularly with regard to N100 and P300 which are known as one of ERP components closely linked with cognitive function. On the basis of these aspects, this study was designed to evaluate electrophysiologic characteristics and its availability for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children by comparison of ERP between normal controls and ADHD children before and after methylphenidate (MFD) administration. METHODS: We examined the topographic auditory ERF and T.O.V.A.(Test of variables of attention), a standardized computerized visual continuous performance test following administration of stimulant drug, MPD 10mg in 13 ADHD children and compared these results with those of 11 normal controls. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Thought the difference was not spastically significant(P=0.0548), N100 latencies seemed to be longer in ADHD children than in normal controls. N100 amplitudes also seemed to be larger in ADHD children than in normal controls(P=0.0629). 2) The F300 latencies significantly shortened after MFD administration when compared with those before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 3) ADHD group performed significantly less well than normal controls in T.O.V.A.(P<0.05). And T.O.V.A. scores significantly improved after MFD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 4) The N100 and P300 latencies and the T.O.V.A. scores were significantly correlated before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.05). 5) The F300 latencies before MFD administration were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of changes of T.O.V.A. scores after MFD administration(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that prolonged N100 latency of ADHD children can be regarded as a relatively enduring trait marker and that F300 latency may reflect attentional response ability along with therapeutic effect by stimulant.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials* ; Humans ; Methylphenidate* ; Muscle Spasticity

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Many dental clinicians are concerned about immediate loading of inserted implants. However, there have been few clinical studies surveying the success rates of immediate loading, based on Korean implant systems. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate functional loading of the implant (SinusQuick(TM) EB, Neobiotech Co., Seoul, Korea) in partially edentulous maxilla or mandible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 15 implants were placed. Within 2 weeks after implant insertion, provisional implant-supported fixed partial dentures were delivered to the patients. Quantitatively, marginal bone loss was measured at the time of immediate loading, after 3-months of continued loading and at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 4.8 months. RESULTS: Mean marginal bone loss from implant surgery to early loading, 3-months follow-up and last follow-up was 0.03 +/- 0.07 mm, 0.16 +/- 0.17 mm and 0.29 +/- 0.19 mm. No implant failed up to 6 months after insertion, resulting in a 100% survival rate. CONCLUSION: Immediate loading exhibited high success rate in partial edentulism for up to 6 months. Well-controlled long term clinical studies with large sample size are necessary to confirm this finding.
Dental Implants ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Prospective Studies ; Sample Size ; Survival Rate

To evaluate the reproducibility in measuring the velocities of perifoveal hyperfluorescent dots, we analyzed fluorescein angiographs of 24 eyes[24 patients]which had central serous retinopathy. Fluorescein angiography was performed with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope[SLO, Rodenstock, Mnchen, Germany]Distances between 5 moving hyperfluorescent dots in a perifoveal capillary were measured at each consecutive frame[interval 1/30 sec]. And then velocities of 5 fluorescent dots were measured with image analysis program by converting the distances to real retinal size using the Littmann's curve in 20 eyes. In the other 4 eyes, the velocities between 5 fluorescent dots of each 2 to 4 capillaries were measured. Perifoveal capillary mean blood flow velocity and standard deviation were 2.08 +/-0.36 mm/sec, and mean coefficient of variation of the velocities measured in a vessel of one patient was 12.58%. However, reliability of the velocities of 2 to 4 capillaries on the 4 eyes was relatively low. In conclusion, the measurement of velocities between perifoveal fluorescent dots with scanning laser ophthalmoscope may be a reproducible method for a perifoveal capillary. However, reliability of measuring velocities was not sufficient enough to use the velocity of one perifoveal capillary as macular blood flow.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Capillaries ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Fluorescein Angiography* ; Fluorescein* ; Humans ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinaldehyde