Objective To study classroom teaching quality evaluation standards from two perspectives of teachers and students,and comparatively study difference of evaluation standards for teachers and students.Methods Questionnaire survey method is adopted.Classroom teaching quality evaluation entry questionnaire is distributed to 320 teachers and 560 students.SPSS 18.0 software is utilized for statistical analysis on the collected data.Expert consultation method is applied to determine membership degree on the analysis results.Finally,14 experts and 20 students are invited to sequence the importance of each dimension obtained after membership determination.Expert evaluation method is used for calculating the weight of each dimension thereof.Results Generally,the results show that all the teaching quality evaluation standards which have been selected by teachers and students can be assorted into 5 dimensionalities,namely teaching content,teaching method,teaching norm,teaching organization and students' learning condition.Particularly,teachers maintain that 23 indicators can be chosen to assess the classroom teaching quality while students think that 24 items are qualified for evaluating the room teaching quality,and they reach a consensus in 13 items.Besides,there is a big difference in their weight of the 5 dimensionalities.Conclusions By comparing and analyzing the choices and opinions about the classroom teaching quality evaluation standard between teachers and students,we learn that the two relative groups' assessments and comments are far different mainly attributing to their different evaluation perspectives on classroom teaching quality.Therefore,we advise different evaluation indicator systems should be adopted respectively for evaluation subjects in classroom teaching quality evaluation.

Objective To determine the correlation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) with severe degree of dilated cardiomyopathy in children.Methods Thirty children with dilated cardiomyopathy and 30 healthy subjects were selected in this degree of study, plasma BNP concentration was measured and compared among groups by using t test.Correlation of BNP levels with left ventricular ejection fraction and heart function was investigated using linear regression analysis.Results Children with dilated cardiomyopathy had significantly higher mean BNP levels compared with healthy children [(429.4?270.2) ng/L vs (67.0?10.2) ng/L].Significantly positive correlations were found between BNP and heart classification(r=0.950 P

OBJECTIVEThe present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the factorial method for estimating energy needs in individuals living in China.

METHODSSixteen healthy female adults aged 22.1±1.2 years with a body mass index (kg/m(2)) of 20.4±1.7 were selected as subjects. In free-living conditions, energy expenditure (EE) was determined by using the factorial method. At the same time, the doubly labeled water method (DLW) was also used to measure energy expenditure of the subjects and served as the criterion method. EE predicted by the factorial method (EE(factorial)) was compared with the simultaneous measurement of EE by the validated DLW method (EE(DLW)).

RESULTSThere was excellent agreement between EE(factorial) (7.46±0.59 MJ/d) and EE(DLW) (7.64 ± 0.49 MJ/d), with a difference of -2.6±4.9% (-0.18±0.36 MJ/d). No significant differences were found between the two methods. EE(factorial) was highly correlated with EE(DLW) (r=0.795, P<0.001) and a good agreement for individuals was found by using the Bland and Altman test.

CONCLUSIONThe factorial method gives satisfactory estimates of EE for both groups and individuals living in China.

Adult ; China ; Energy Metabolism ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; physiology ; Radioisotope Dilution Technique ; Young Adult

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological significance of Tiam1 overexpression in ovarian carcinoma.Methods Tiam1 protein was detected in 98 serous carcinomas,64 ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas and 27 benign ovarian tumors using immunohistochemical of SP two-step staining.Correlations between Tiam1 overexpression and clinicopathological features of ovarian carcinoma were evaluated.Overall survival and disease-free survival rates of ovarian carcinoma patients were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Tiam1 protein showed a cytoplasmic and nuclear staining pattern in ovarian carcinoma.The positive rate and strongly positive rate of Tiam1 protein were 84.7％ (83/98)and 70.4％ (69/98)in serous carcinoma,the positive rate and strongly positive rate of Tiam1 protein were 87.5％ (56/64) and 73.4％ (47/64) in ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma,both of which were significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor (both P ＜ 0.01).High-level expression of Tiam1 was positively correlated with the histological grade,FIGO stage,and metastasis in ovarian carcinoma (both P ＜ 0.05),while independent of age and menopausal status (both P ＞ 0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that overall survival and disease-free survival of ovarian cancer patients with high expression of Tiam1 protein were significantly lower than those of patients with lower expression of Tiam1 protein (P ＜ 0.05),overall survival in metastatic ovarian cancer patients with high expression of Tiam1 protein was significantly lower than those in patients with low Tiam1 protein expression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tiam1 expression is significantly high in ovarian carcinoma.Tiam1 protein is closely associated with ovarian carcinoma progression,which may be a new potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo determine the validity of the pulmonary function equipment.

METHODS12 young students (including six males and six females) were enrolled as our research subjects. And the values of oxygen consumption (VO(2)), carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) and energy expenditures (EE) of the subjects under three typical activity intensities: resting, moderate intensity (on a treadmill with grade 10% and speed 2.7 km/h) and hard intensity (on a treadmill with grade 10% and speed 5.8 km/h) were measured using the pulmonary function equipment (K4b(2)) and Douglas-bag respectively. And the Douglas-bag method was used as reference and the results were compared with the other method.

RESULTSThe measured VO(2) values by using the Douglas-bag and the pulmonary function equipment under three typical activity intensities were: at rest (0.22 ± 0.03), (0.22 ± 0.05) L/min (t = 0.120, P > 0.05); moderate intensity condition (0.95 ± 0.12), (0.96 ± 0.14) L/min (t = 0.240, P > 0.05); hard intensity condition (1.63 ± 0.28), (1.54 ± 0.35) L/min (t = 1.487, P > 0.05). For VCO(2) values: at rest (0.18 ± 0.02), (0.18 ± 0.04) L/min (t = 0.425, P > 0.05); moderate intensity (0.82 ± 0.11), (0.83 ± 0.13) L/min (t = 0.579, P > 0.05); hard intensity (1.64 ± 0.27), (1.52 ± 0.39) L/min (t = 2.330, P < 0.05). And for EE values, at rest (269.40 ± 35.70), (267.02 ± 55.39) kJ/h (t = 0.200, P > 0.05); moderate intensity (1165.76 ± 148.06), (1185.91 ± 161.89) kJ/h (t = 0.326, P > 0.05); hard intensity (2062.91 ± 341.97), (1912.27 ± 483.88) kJ/h (t = 1.718, P > 0.05) respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two methods except the VCO(2) values under high intensity condition was underestimated by the pulmonary function equipment. Bland-Altman test showed that the difference of the two methods was evenly distributed by the mean and standard error of the system was 24.7 kJ/h. Our data showed the results from the Douglas-bag and the pulmonary function equipment were consistent.

CONCLUSIONPulmonary function equipment had good validity in assessing the energy expenditure in Chinese adults.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Energy Metabolism ; physiology ; Exercise Test ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; instrumentation ; Students ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of brain tumors occurring in patients with medically intractable epilepsy.

METHODSThe clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of brain tumors occurring in 35 patients with intractable epilepsy encountered during the period from January, 2005 to April, 2008 in Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThe mean age of seizure onset and duration of disease were 14.3-year-old and 8.6 years, respectively. Abnormal signals were observed in 94.3% of cases (33/35) by magnetic resonance imaging. The histologic types of brain tumors included ganglioglioma (13/35, WHO grade I and 6/35, WHO grade II), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (3/35, WHO grade I), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (3/35, WHO grade II), diffuse astrocytoma (1/35, WHO grade II), oligoastrocytoma (1/35, WHO grade II), angiocentric glioma (1/35, WHO grade I) and meningioangiomatosis (1/35). The 6 remaining cases showed features seen in between glioneuronal hamartoma and mixed neuronal-glial tumor. Most of these tumors were located in the temporal lobe (27/35) and associated with focal cortical dysplasia. Immunohistochemical study showed a remarkable expression of CD34 in gangliogliomas.

CONCLUSIONSBrain tumors in patients with medically intractable epilepsy are almost always benign and located in the temporal lobe. Most of them represent mixed neuronal-glial tumors and some show transitional features in-between glioneuronal hamartoma and mixed neuronal-glial neoplasm. The similar morphologic pattern and biological behavior of glioneuronal hamartoma and mixed neuronal-glial tumor may suggest a common pathogenetic mechanism.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Diseases ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Female ; Ganglioglioma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glioma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hamartoma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oligodendroglioma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Lobe ; pathology ; Young Adult

AIMTo improve the profile of 20 (S)-camptothecin, a series of 20-O-linked camptothecin phenoxyacetic acid ester derivatives have been designed.

METHODSThese derivatives were synthesized by the method of acylation. Their chemical structures were confirmed with 1HNMR, IR, MS, and HRMS. The cytotoxicities of the compounds were tested by MTT assay. The in vivo antitumor activities of these esters were evaluated against mouse liver tumor H22 in mice.

RESULTSTwelve derivatives of camptothecin ester are new compounds.

CONCLUSIONIn vitro and in vivo antitumor activity has indicated that some derivatives appeared significantly more effective than topotecan in the H22 mouse liver tumoral model.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Camptothecin ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Esters ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Molecular Structure ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Topotecan ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of acupuncture on the peripheral serum expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI).

METHODSIn total, 152 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into an operated group and a non-operated group according to a random digits table. The operated group included a sham-operated group, a model group and an acupuncture group, whereas the non-operated group consisted of a normal group. Except for the normal group, each group was further divided into 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 h time points according to different reperfusion times. Eight rats were assigned in each operated group and in the normal group. The rat model of CIRI was established by the thread occlusion method in the model and acupuncture groups. The acupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) for the required time after successful operation. Blood was sampled to detect the HSP70 and TNF-α content by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSThe expression of HSP70 protein in the peripheral serum of the experimental groups was higher than that in the normal control group. The peak time in both the model and the sham-operated groups was 12 h, and the peak time in the acupuncture group was 24 h. The expression in the acupuncture group declined to a lower level at 72 h and was lower than that in the model and sham-operated groups (P<0.05). The peak time for the expression of TNF-α protein in the peripheral serum of both the model and the acupuncture groups was 24 h, but the expression in the acupuncture group was lower than the model group. Additionally, the expression of TNF-α in all experimental groups was higher than the normal group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture at DU20 and ST36 in rats attenuated CIRI, which was associated with a reduction in the expression of HSP70 and TNF-α. These results provide clues to acupuncture's neuroprotective properties. Acupuncture at DU20 and ST36 in rats after CIRI can adjust the expression of HSP70 and TNF-α in the peripheral serum, which might be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture's attenuation of CIRI.

Acupuncture ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; blood ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo measure the energy expenditure of reading and watching TV for young women.

METHODSAll 30 girls in the college were selected according to questionnaire, medical examination, blood test, liver function and thyroid gland level. Energy expenditure of reading and watching TV was measured respectively by the Cosmid K4b2 portable gas analysis system from Italy. Basic metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured as to analyzing results conveniently.

RESULTSThe energy expenditure in reading was (226.35 +/- 56.07) kJ/h and the heart rate was (69 +/- 5) bmp. For watching TV it was (220.79 +/- 65.69) kJ/h and the heart rate was (68 +/- 5) bmp. BMR was (178.53 +/- 53.51) kJ/h and the heart rate was (62 +/- 6) bmp. RMR was (214.76 +/- 44.56) kJ/h and the heart rate was (65 +/- 6) bpm.

CONCLUSIONSThe energy expenditure in reading should be higher than that of watching TV, however, the difference was not obvious. The expenditure rates might get closer to those of RMR. It might be regarded as an expenditure of very light physical active in Chinese.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Basal Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Reading ; Rest ; physiology ; Television

OBJECTIVETo determine the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in measuring body composition and to compare with the reference stable isotope dilution method.

METHODSAccording to the data from 150 students of Bethune Military Medical College, 16 female young adults with normal BMI were selected as the participants. The experimental period was 14 days. During the experimental period, the subjects were centralized on management. At the first day of the period, double labeled water was given to the subjects orally. The urine collection time-points were 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h and the 2nd to 14th day after the administration of isotope dose. All isotope measurements were made by using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. From the isotope curing curve, the indexes of body composition were gained. At the same time, the body compositions were also measured by using BIA method every day (3 hours after dinner). The paired t test and Pearson correlations were used to measure the significance and the degree of correlation between the measurements determined by using the two methods.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the measurements determined by using the two methods. TBW, FFM, BF and BF% measured with the BIA method were significantly correlated with those measured by using the isotope method (r = 0.556, 0.556, 0.817 and 0.606 respectively).

CONCLUSIONBIA might provide an accurate and reliable assessment in body composition of the healthy Chinese adults.

Adipose Tissue ; anatomy & histology ; Adult ; Anthropometry ; methods ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Water ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Male