OBJECTIVETo cultivate adventitious roots of Hypericum perforatum in bioreactors, in order to seek for suitable conditions for adventitious growth.

METHODThe effect of IBA concentration, sugar type and concentration, inoculum volume and air volume of adventitious roots on the cultivation of adventitious roots of H. perforatum was observed in a 5 L air-lift bioreactor.

RESULTAdventitious roots of H. perforatum were cultivated in a MS culture dish. With the increase of IBA concentration, the propagation coefficient of adventitious roots of H. perforatum was on the rise. The IBA concentration ranging between 1.25-1.75 mg x L(-1) was suitable for the growth of adventitious roots. Adventitious roots grew best with sucrose in MS medium, with the propagation coefficient up to 22.15. When sucrose concentration was 30 g x L(-1), fresh weight, dry weight and propagation coefficient reached the maximum value. An adventitious root reactor with an inoculum volume of 20 g was favorable for the growth of adventitious roots. The air volume of reactors of 0.075 vvm (air volume/culture volume per minute) was favorable for the growth of adventitious roots, with the significant increase in the propagation coefficient of adventitious roots. In the amplification experiment, we found that the cultivation conditions of adventitious roots in a 5 L bioreactor was completely applicable to that in 10 and 20 L bioreactors, and adventitious roots grew well in a large bioreactor.

CONCLUSIONIBA concentration, sugar type and concentration, inoculum volume and air volume had a significant effect on the growth of adventitious roots.

Air ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Carbohydrates ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypericum ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Sucrose ; pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective: To explore the effect of Huangqi-Baoxin decoction combined with conventional western medicine on the cardiac function of the patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: A total of 103 DCM patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into the control group (51 cases) and the research group (52 cases) by random number table method. The control group was treated with conventional therapy, while the study group was treated with Huangqi-Baoxin decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The serum GSH-Px, SOD and CRP levels were measured by ELISA. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E/A ratio of early diastolic peak velocity to late diastolic peak velocity (E/A) were measured by echocardiography and then evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results: The total effective rate was 92.3% (48/52) in the study group and 76.5% (39/51) in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (χ²=4.922, P=0.027). After treatment, the scores of palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness and chest pain, fatigue, hypochondriac mass, spontaneous sweating, edema and total scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t values were 10.603, 9.997, 10.546, 10.074, 5.211, 3.981, 6.438, 13.502, P<0.01). After treatment, LVEF (46.03% ± 1.70% vs. 42.33% ± 1.63%, t=11.271) and E/A (1.02 ± 0.17 vs. 0.90 ± 0.16, t=3.796) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum GSH-Px and SOD levels in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t values were 7.585, 6.816, P<0.01), and CRP level was significantly lower than the control group (t=10.854, P<0.01). Conclusions The Huangqi-Baoxin decoction combined with routine western medicine therapy can improve the clinical symptoms and cardiac function of DCM patients, reduce oxidative stress injury and inhibit inflammation.

The present study was designed to perform structural modifications of of neobavaisoflavone (NBIF), using an in vitro enzymatic glycosylation reaction, in order to improve its water-solubility. Two novel glucosides of NBIF were obtained from an enzymatic glycosylation by UDP-glycosyltransferase. The glycosylated products were elucidated by LC-MS, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR analysis. The HPLC peaks were integrated and the concentrations in sample solutions were calculated. The MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxic activity of compounds in cancer cell lines. Based on the spectroscopic analyses, the two novel glucosides were identified as neobavaisoflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and neobavaisoflavone-4', 7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Additionally, the water-solubilities of compounds 1 and 2 were approximately 175.1- and 4 031.9-fold higher than that of the substrate, respectively. Among the test compounds, only NBIF exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, with IC values ranging from 63.47 to 72.81 µmol·L. These results suggest that in vitro enzymatic glycosylation is a powerful approach to structural modification, improving water-solubility.
Antineoplastic Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Bacillus ; enzymology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorimetry ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Glucosides ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; Glycosyltransferases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Solubility

As the incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing worldwide,that of related complications,such as diabetic kidney disease(DKD),also increases,conferring a heavy economic burden on the patients,families,society,and government.Diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease(CKD)includes DKD and the CKD caused by other reasons.Because of the insufficient knowledge about CKD,the assessment of diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD remains to be improved.The therapies for diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD focus on reducing the risk factors.In clinical practice,DKD may not be the CKD caused by diabetes.According to clinical criteria,some non-diabetic kidney disease may be misdiagnosed as DKD and not be treated accurately.This review summarizes the status quo and research progress in the assessment,diagnosis,and treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD and predicts the directions of future research in this field.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy* ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy*

The twenty-first century has already recorded more than ten major epidemics or pandemics of viral disease, including the devastating COVID-19. Novel effective antivirals with broad-spectrum coverage are urgently needed. Herein, we reported a novel broad-spectrum antiviral compound PAC5. Oral administration of PAC5 eliminated HBV cccDNA and reduced the large antigen load in distinct mouse models of HBV infection. Strikingly, oral administration of PAC5 in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.1) infection significantly decreases viral loads and attenuates lung inflammation. Mechanistically, PAC5 binds to a pocket near Asp49 in the RNA recognition motif of hnRNPA2B1. PAC5-bound hnRNPA2B1 is extensively activated and translocated to the cytoplasm where it initiates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to the production of type I IFNs with antiviral activity. Our results indicate that PAC5 is a novel small-molecule agonist of hnRNPA2B1, which may have a role in dealing with emerging infectious diseases now and in the future.
Animals ; Mice ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 ; Hepatitis B virus ; Interferon Type I/metabolism* ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/antagonists & inhibitors*