Ethyl acetate extract of Tripterygium wilfordii (20mg/kg, 40mg/kg ), given to adjuvantarthritis rats (ig ) for 7 consecutive days, markedly decreased both high and low shear whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood reduction viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen content, but without effect on blood sedimentation and K value in blood sedime ntation equation. These resuits indicated that the decreasing effect of T. wilfordii on bloodviscosity ma y be related to ius influenee on red blood cells and plasma composition.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a teaching method which is tutor-guided,student-centered,learning in the procedure of solving problem and solving problem in the procedure of learning.Compared with traditional teaching methods,PBL has advantages in culturing the ability of the students,improving the ability of analyzing and solving problem and combining multiple disciplines and it plays an important role in culturing applicable and innovative talents.Attention should be paid to teacher training,learner supervision,strict selection of curriculum and supplement of extra relevant courses.Furthermore,the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine must be highlighted so as to achieve the best teaching effects.

Animals ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors ; drug effects ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Schwann Cells ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in acute anterior myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.Methods Two hundred patients suffered from acute anterior myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure were randomly divided into two groups:rhBNP group ( n =100) and control group ( n =100 ).All patients were given conventional treatment,patients in rhBNP group were given rhBNP on the basis of conventional therapy.The clinical effectiveness including the improvement of cardiac function,cardiac ultrasound data,the incidence of hospital adverse cardiac events,and six month follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results The degree of decompensation and Killip class in rhBNP group were better than those of control group after treatment ( improved dyspnea:significantly improved:36 vs 27 ; improved:49 vs 46; no improvement:11 vs 20 ; deterioration:4 vs 7 ; Ridit value:0.4618 vs 0.5382,P =0.043) ( Killip class:significantly improved:26 vs 20; improved:56 vs 45; no improvement:14 vs 25 ; deterioration:4 vs 10; Ridit value:0.4553 vs 0.5447,P =0.017 ).After treatment for one week,The LVEF improvement in rhBNP group was more remarkable than that of control group ( [ 53.0 ± 5.2 ] ％vs.[ 50.0 ±:6.2 ] ％,P =0.014).The occurrence rate of angina ( 13.0％ vs.27.0％,P =0.013 ),heart failure ( 18.0％ vs.32.0％,P =0.022) and major adverse cardiac events(MACE) ( 17.0％ vs.30.0％,P =0.030) inrhBNP group was lower than that in control group.During 6 months follow-up period,event-free survival in rhBNP group was higher than that in control group ( 69.0％ vs.55.0％,P =0.041 ).Conclusion Transvenous injection of rhBNP combined with other routine treatment can improve cardiac function in patients with myocardial infarction in acute anterior myocardial infarction.It can also decrease adverse cardiac events during hospitalization and increase event-free survival in 6 months follow-up period.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Xingnaojing injection combined with naloxone in the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods 62 patients with hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy were randomly assigned into the control group(31 cases)and the treatment group(31 cases).The control group used naloxone treatment on the basis of the conventional treatment.The treatment group received Xingnaojing injection combined with naloxone treatment on the basis of routine treatment.The changes in different time of Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores of the two groups after treatment were compared.Results After treatment for 1 ,5,1 0,1 5d,the GCS scores in the control group were (5.27 ±0.87)points,(9.03 ±0.72)points,(1 0.03 ±0.72)points,(1 3.03 ±0.72)points respectively,which in the treatment group were (5.1 4 ±1 .03)points,(9.24 ±1 .06)points,(1 3.31 ±2.83)points, (15.31 ±0.93)points.The differences of GCS scores after treatment for 15,10d between the two groups were statistically significant(t =1 5.1 1 3,1 0.501 ,P =0.00,0.00).In the control group,the total effective rate was 50.0%,which of the treatment group was 82.7%,the total effective rate between the two groups had statistically significant difference (χ2 =6.437,P <0.05).Conclusion On the basis of routine treatment,Xingnaojing injection combined with naloxone in the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has better effect than the single use of naloxone treatment.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and the relationship of CM patterns with the different blood glucose levels controlled and the incidences of diabetic chronic complications.

METHODSCM syndromes in 557 DM2 patients were sorted into 7 patterns, A: the Fei-Wei yin-deficiency with exuberant heat pattern; B: the Pi-qi deficiency pattern; C: the Shen-qi deficiency pattern; D: the Pi-Shen qi-deficiency pattern; E: the Gan-Shen yin-deficiency pattern; F: the both qi-yin deficiency pattern; and G: the both yin-yang deficiency pattern, the concurrent or accompanied excessive syndromes were not taken as the indication for sorting. The blood glucose level, duration of illness and incidence of diabetic chronic complications in patients of different patterns were compared.

RESULTSThe CM syndrome patterns commonly encountered in mostly of the 557 patients was pattern F (in 264 patients, accounting for 47.4%); the next was pattern C (95 patients, 17.1%) and E (92 patients, 16.5%). The concurrent syndromes appeared in most patients was blood stasis (501 patients, 89.9%), Gan-qi stagnation was the second (225 patients, 40.4%), and the portion of damp-heat syndrome was also rather large (180 patients, 32.3%). The duration of diabetes mellitus for patients with various patterns was significantly different (P < 0.01), the longest appeared in patients of pattern G, followed by pattern D, C, F, and E in sequence, and patients of pattern A and B had a rather shorter duration. Level of fasting blood glucose was rather higher in patients of pattern A, C, D, F, and G than in those of pattern B and E. Level of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients of pattern G was the highest and in pattern A the second, while in pattern B and E was rather lower. Incidences of diabetic chronic complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, cerebral infarction, and atherosclerosis in patients of pattern A and B were lower than in those of other 5 patterns (P < 0.05); but the highest incidence of multiple chronic complications revealed in pattern D and G, and that of coronary heart disease revealed in pattern C and G, all showed significant different as compared with other patterns (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe most commonly encountered CM syndrome patterns in DM2 patients of early stage are pattern A and B; and those of middle stage are pattern C, D, E and F, various diabetic chronic complications may reveal in this stage; pattern G could be found in patients accompanied with multiple chronic complications and with uncontrolled blood glucose for a long time.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Diabetes Complications ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; classification ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Qi ; Yin Deficiency ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus Injection combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of viral myocarditis.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) of A. membranaceus Injection combined with conventional treatment compared with conventional treatment alone were included. Study population characteristics and outcome results were extracted independently by two assessors. Meta-analysis was performed for data available.

RESULTSSix RCTs, involving 639 participants, were included in this study. The methodological quality of the included trials was generally low, and there was high risk of publication bias in the included trials. The total effective rate of A. membranaceus Injection combined with conventional treatment was significantly higher than that of conventional treatment alone. Compared with conventional treatment, the cointervention treatment group showed significant recovery in myocardium enzyme levels and electrocardiography. Two RCTs reported there were no adverse effects from A. membranaceus Injection combined with conventional treatment.

CONCLUSIONA. membranaceus Injection combined with conventional treatment appeared to be more efficacious compared with conventional treatment alone for treating viral myocarditis. However, this conclusion should be cautiously interpreted due to low methodological quality, small sample size, limited number of trials, and high risk of publication bias and other unidentified risks of bias. The safety of A. membranaceus Injection combined with conventional treatment remains uncertain.

Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Injections ; Myocarditis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; virology ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and effect of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory or recurrent hemospermia.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 162 cases of refractory or recurrent hemospermia examined and treated by transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 76 years and had a hemospermia history of 3 months to 11 years, admitted due to poor therapeutic results or recurrence after 4 weeks of antibiotic medication. All the patients underwent serum PSA examination, transrectal ultrasonography, seminal vesicle ultrasonography and pelvis CT or MRI before surgery.

RESULTSWine- or magenta-colored colloid and inflammation were found in one or both sides of the seminal vesicle in all the cases. Pathological biopsy revealed chronic inflammatory mucosa of the seminal vesicle in all the patients, and even calculi in the ejaculatory duct or seminal vesicle in 15 cases. Postoperative follow-up averaged 21.7 (12 -29) months. Hemospermia disappeared or was alleviated in 150 (92.64%) of the cases after 1-15 ejaculations, in which 7 experienced recurrence 3 months later. Four cases failed to respond, and 1 developed acute bilateral epididymitis after surgery. No such complications as retrograde ejaculation, urinary incontinence or rectal injury were observed postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONTransurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is a safe, effective and feasible new method for the treatment of refractory or recrudescent hemospermia.

Adult ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Hemospermia ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminal Vesicles ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteroscopy ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of apatinib on the migration ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC cells after X-ray irradiation and involved protein expressions. Methods The migration abilities of human immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells ( NP69) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ( CNE-1, CNE-2 ) treated with different concentrations of apatinib ( 0, 5, 10 and 15 μmol/L) were compared by wound healing assay. The effect of apatinib on the activity of NPC cells was detected by CCK-8 for determining the suitable intervention concentration of apatinib. Then NPC cells were divided into control group, apatinib group (15 μmol/L), X-ray irradiation group and apatinib combined with X-ray irradiation group, and the migration ability of each group was compared by wound healing assay. The expressions of pVEGFR2, pSTAT3, STAT3, MMP-9 and EMT related proteins were detected by western blot. Results Compared with the NP69, the migration abilities of CNE-1 and CNE-2 were significantly enhanced ( t=-5. 759, -16. 578, P<0. 05) . Compared with the control group ( 0 μmol/L) , the migration ability of NPC cells after treatment with apatinib(5, 10 and 15 μmol/L) was significantly decreased in a concentration dependent manner ( t=2. 804-13. 362, P<0. 05) . Compared with the X-ray irradiation group, the wound healing rate of NPC cells in the apatinib combined with X-ray irradiation group was decreased ( t=5. 932, 2. 791, P<0. 05) , indicating that apatinib can significantly inhibit the migration of NPC cells after X-ray irradiation. Western blot assay showed that the expressions of pVEGFR2 and pSTAT3 were significantly decreased in NPC cells treated with apatinib, meanwhile, the expression of MMP-9 protein was significantly decreased, and the EMT-related protein was changed. Conclusions Apatinib inhibits migration of X-ray irradiated NPC cells by inhibiting EMT through down-regulating VEGFR2/STAT3/MMP-9 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate influence of administration of Tujian decoction (Chinese herbal medicine) on protein kinase C (PKC) activity, renal function and structure in diabetic rat kidney.

METHODExperimental diabetic nephropathy model was induced by nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in sprague-dawley rat. Tujian decoction (20 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and Valsartan (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were orally administrated respectively for 12 weeks. PKC activity was measured by [3H]phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding assay. 24 h urine protein excretion (Upro) and renal pathological changes were observed.

RESULTIn 12th week, diabetic nephrectomized rats developed proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, increased membrane PKC activity (mPKC), decreased cytosol PKC (cPKC), and increased ratio of mPKC and cPKC (M/C). Administration of Tujian decoction or Valsartan led to a reduction in proteinuria, structural injury, mPKC and M/C, and a recovery in cPKC.

CONCLUSIONTujian decoction possesses a renoprotective effect on diabetic nephrectomized rat, at least partially via the inhibition of PKC activation in renal cortex.

Animals ; Cuscuta ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; enzymology ; pathology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; Kidney Cortex ; enzymology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley