Traditional treatments for malignant tumor are far from meeting the clinical demands.Recently,research on anti-tumor targeted drugs has made a significant breakthrough,which brings new hope for the treatment of malignant tumor.Anti-tumor targe-ted drugs can specifically target malignant tumor and directly in-hibit the growth of tumor cells,showing no toxicity to the normal tissues and organs.Herein we reviewed the research progress of small molecular targeted drugs and antibody targeting new drugs.

Objective To describe and analyze the status quo of the doctor and nurse configuration in Heilongjiang Province,and to study their cultivation condition while predicting the number of medical staff.Methods Through the health workforce database of Heilongjiang Province in 2014,using Excel 2007 statistical software,the status quo of doctor and nurse configuration was analyzed.The grey prediction model was also used to analyze the number of medical staff in Heilongjiang province from 2004 to 2014,and the number of medical staff in Heilongjiang province from 2016 to 2018 was predicted.Results Up to 2015,the number of doctors and nurses in Heilongjiang Province accounted for 0.42％ of the total population,composed of mainly young and middle-aged staff and mostly with bachelor's degree and junior college certificate.Doctor-to-nurse ratio was 1:0.96.The grey prediction model indicated that the number of medical staff in Heilongjiang Province would increase year by year,and the inversion of doctor-to-nurse ratio would be eased.Conclusion The reform and development of medical education in Heilongjiang Province has promoted the optimization of the professional title structure and educational structure.It is expected that by 2016 Heilongjiang medical care ratio inversion problem will be completely resolved.

Mitochondrial deficits or altered expressions of microRNAs are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, and microRNA-operated control of mitochondrial activity has been reported. Using a retrovirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) system, we observed that miR-24-mediated H2AX knockdown (H2AX-KD) impaired both mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. The overexpression of miR-24 decreased mitochondrial H2AX and disrupted mitochondrial function, as indicated by the ATP content, membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Similar mitochondrial damage was observed in shH2AX-mediated specific H2AX-KD cells. The H2AX-KD reduced the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial DNA-dependent transcripts. H2AX-KD mitochondria were swollen, and their cristae were destroyed. H2AX-KD also blocked the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria and the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Y632) and Akt (S473 and T308). The rescue of H2AX, but not the nuclear form of ΔC24-H2AX, restored all features of miR-24- or shH2AX-mediated impairment of mitochondria. Hepatic miR-24 levels were significantly increased in db/db and ob/ob mice. A strong feedback loop may be present among miR-24, H2AX, mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that H2AX-targeting miR-24 may be a novel negative regulator of mitochondrial function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin* ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; Mitochondria* ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphorylation ; RNA ; Transcription Factors

We evaluated the ability of lactic acid bacteria, Weissella cibaria, isolated from the oral cavity to adhere to epithelial cells. W. cibaria efficiently adhered to KB cells and HeLa cells. In addition, W. cibaria efficiently adhered to Fusobacterium nucleatum. But the adhesiveness of W. cibaria disappeared upon exposure to LiCl or pronase, suggesting that the S-layer proteins of W. cibaria mediated the adhesiveness. The molecular mass of the S-layer proteins extracted from W. cibaria was approximately 50 kDa. When W. cibaria strains were washed with 0.45% saline, the bacteria were efficiently adhered to the epithelial cells. In conclusion, W. cibaria has the ability to adhere to epithelial cells through the S-layer proteins.
Adhesiveness ; Bacteria ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; KB Cells ; Lactic Acid ; Mouth ; Pronase ; Weissella*

BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) causes not only severe symptoms and hemodynamic changes, but may progress to chronic atrial fibrillation. Autonomic nervous system or atrial premature beat (APB) has been suggested to contribute to the spontaneous initiation of PAF, but the exact mechanism has been largely unknown. METHODS: One hundred and twenty nine episodes of PAF lasting longer than 5 sec were analyzed in 18 patients (M:F=11:?). Two minutes of normal sinus rhythm before the onset of PAF, and the initial one minute of PAF were printed and analyzed. RESULTS: Most of PAFs were initiated by APBs (38%) or rapid atrial tachycardias (AT, 59%). The frequency of APBs tended to increase immediately before PAF onset (p=0.08). The coupling intervals and coupling indices were not significantly different between PAF-producing APBs and benign APBs. More than half of PAF episodes were initiated by rapid ATs (rate, 357+/-50 bpm). After the onset, they accelerated over several seconds and then degenerated into AF. In some cases, transition from AF to atrial flutter and vice versa were observed. Heart rate, measured at 60-second intervals during 2 minutes before PAF onset, did not change significantly (p=0.44). CONCLUSION: Most of PAFs were initiated by APBs or rapid ATs. Heart rate did not change significantly but the frequency of APBs tended to increase immediately before PAF onset. Rapid ATs frequently accelerated and degenerated into AF. In this regard, Holter monitoring could be useful in identifying patients with PAF triggered by rapid ATs.
Atrial Fibrillation* ; Atrial Flutter ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Tachycardia

Assessing the health of international migrants is crucial in the Republic of Korea, Asia, and even worldwide. We compared the risk factors for non-communicable diseases among Asian migrants in Korea and the Korean population. This cross-sectional (2015) and longitudinal (2009-2015) observational study comprised a population-wide analysis spanning 2009 to 2015. Asian migrants (n=987,214) in Korea and Korean nationals (n=1,693,281) aged ≥20 were included. The Asian migrants were classified as Chi-nese, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese, and other. The prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (current smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) were analyzed. Regarding the age-adjusted prevalence, direct age standardization was conducted separately by sex using 10-year age bands; the World Standard Population was used as the standard population.Among the participants aged ≥20, the age-adjusted prevalence of current smoking was higher among Chinese and other Asian migrant men than among Korean men and women (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was higher among Chinese, Filipino, and other Asian migrant women than in Korean women (p<0.001, p=0.002, and p<0.001, respectively). Among the participants aged 20-49, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was higher in Filipino migrant women than in Korean women (p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). Current rates of smoking and obesity were worse among Asian migrants of specific nationalities than among native Koreans. The health inequalities among Filipino migrant women in Korea, especially those aged 20-49, should be addressed.

Objective:To investigate the effects of olanzapine versus risperidone on cognitive function, serum complement C3 and C4 levels and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level in patients with schizophrenia. Methods:Eighty patients with schizophrenia who received treatment in Lishui Second People's Hospital, China between September 2018 and September 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment either with olanzapine (olanzapine group, n = 40) or risperidone (risperidone group, n = 40). Before and after treatment, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test score were evaluated in each group. Before and after treatment, serum levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, complement C3 and C4 and hs-CRP levels were compared between the olanzapine and risperidone groups. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in PANSS and WCST scores between the two groups (both P > 0.05). After treatment, PANSS score, the number of perseverative errors and the number of random errors in each group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment [olanzapine group: (56.23 ± 9.37) points, (13.06 ± 6.26) points, (16.23 ± 6.35) points, t = 12.334, 5.885, 3.840, all P < 0.05; risperidone group: (55.98 ± 10.21) points, (13.97 ± 6.54) points, (16.31 ± 6.32) points, t = 12.044, 6.213, 3.321, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, the number of correct sorts and the number of categories in each group were significantly increased compared with before treatment [olanzapine group: (29.21 ± 2.24) points, (3.79 ± 1.12) points, t = 3.323, 2.087, both P < 0.05; risperidone group: (29.33 ± 2.35) points, (3.81 ± 1.15) points, t =2.750, 2.085, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, there were significant differences in these indexes between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in serum levels of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, serum levels of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in each group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment [olanzapine group: (5.02 ± 0.13) μg/L, (66.24 ± 6.05) μg/L, (27.32 ± 4.05) μg/L, t = 67.800, 9.977, 5.082, all P < 0.05; risperidone group: (4.18 ± 0.12) μg/L, (63.12 ± 6.21) μg/L, (24.81 ± 4.13) μg/L, t = 99.761, 12.296, 6.882, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, there were significant differences in serum levels of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine between the two groups ( t = 30.029, 2.276, 6.882, all P < 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in complement C3 and C4 and hs-CRP levels between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, complement C3 and C4 and hs-CRP levels in each group were significantly increased compared with before treatment [olanzapine group: (1.12 ± 0.18) g/L, (0.24 ± 0.06) g/L, (1.09 ± 0.11) mg/L, t = 5.129, 4.049, 32.452, all P < 0.05; risperidone group: (1.13 ± 0.17) g/L, (0.25 ± 0.07) g/L, (1.10 ± 0.12) mg/L, t = 5.147, 5.164, 29.227, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, there were no significant differences in complement C3 and C4 and hs-CRP levels between the two groups ( t = 0.255, 0.686, 0.389, all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Olanzapine and risperidone have the same effects on improving the mental symptoms and cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia, but risperidone has more obvious effects on improving the body function than olanzapine.

Skin aging is the most readily observable process involved in human aging. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes photo-oxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby damaging the nucleus and cytoplasm of skin cells and ultimately leading to cell death. Recent studies have shown that high levels of solar UVB irradiation induce the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skin fibroblasts, causing photo-aging and tumor progression. The MMP family is involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes such as arthritis and metastasis. We investigated the effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) against damage induced by UVB radiation in human skin keratinocytes. In UVB-irradiated cells, DPHC significantly reduced expression of MMP mRNA and protein, as well as activation of MMPs. Furthermore, DPHC reduced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, which act upstream of c-Fos and c-Jun, respectively; consequently, DPHC inhibited the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun, which are key components of activator protein-1 (AP-1, up-regulator of MMPs). Additionally, DPHC abolished the DNA-binding activity of AP-1, and thereby prevented AP-1-mediated transcriptional activation. These data demonstrate that by inactivating ERK and JNK, DPHC inhibits induction of MMPs triggered by UVB radiation.
Aging ; Arthritis ; Cell Death ; Cytoplasm ; Embryonic Development ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phosphorylation ; Physiological Processes ; Pregnancy ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reproduction ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Skin Aging ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcriptional Activation

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various cellular diseases. Excessive ROS can cause intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in a calcium imbalance and even aging. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of esculetin on oxidative stress-induced aging in human HaCaT keratinocytes. METHODS: Human keratinocytes were pretreated with esculetin for 30 minutes and treated with H₂O₂. Then, the protective effects on oxidative stress-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 were detected by Flou-4-AM staining, reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and quantitative fluorescence assay. RESULTS: Esculetin prevented H₂O₂-induced aging by inhibiting MMP-1 mRNA, protein, and activity levels. In addition, esculetin decreased abnormal levels of phospho-MEK1, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-SEK1, phospho-JNK1/2, c-Fos, and phospho-c-Jun and inhibited activator protein 1 binding activity. CONCLUSIONS: Esculetin prevented excessive levels of intracellular calcium and reduced the expression levels of aging-related proteins.
Aging ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hydrogen ; Keratinocytes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Transcription Factor AP-1

Human skin cells undergo pathophysiological processes via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excessive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study investigated the ability of hesperidin (C28H34O15) to prevent apoptosis due to oxidative stress generated through UVB-induced ROS. Hesperidin significantly scavenged ROS generated by UVB radiation, attenuated the oxidation of cellular macromolecules, established mitochondrial membrane polarization, and prevented the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Hesperidin downregulated expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2. Hesperidin absorbed wavelengths of light within the UVB range. In summary, hesperidin shielded human keratinocytes from UVB radiation-induced damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant and UVB absorption properties.
Absorption ; Apoptosis* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; Hesperidin* ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Mitochondrial Membranes ; Oxidative Stress* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Skin