Objective:To observe the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H 2S) on the proliferation of rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) under high static pressure. Methods:Rabbit thoracic aorta VSMC were isolated and cultured under high static pressure(100mmHg) and divided into control group [cultured with 0.2%fetal bovine serum(FBS) and no NaHS]、10%FBS group(10%FBS and no NaHS) and NaHS group(10%FBS and 50mmol/L NaHS). VSMC proliferation was analyzed with BUDR. CSE, Calmodulin(p-CaM)and CyclinD1 protein levels of VSMC were measured by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the 10%FBS group, NaHS inhibit the proliferation of rabbit VSMC significantly (0.50±0.03 vs. 0.26±0.03, P<0.05). Compared with control group, CSE protein in the 10%FBS group decreased significantly(1.21±0.10 vs. 0.33±0.04, P<0.05) and p-CaM and CyclinD1 protein increased significantly(0.23±0.04 vs. 0.86±0.04 and 0.22±0.03 vs. 1.19±0.06, P<0.05). Compared with the 10%FBS group, CSE protein in NaHS group increased significantly(0.33±0.04 vs. 1.11±0.11, P<0.05), and the expression of p-CaM and CyclinD1 protein decreased significantly(0.86±0.04 vs. 0.26±0.05 and 1.19±0.06 vs. 0.51±0.03, P<0.05). Conclusion:Exogenous hydrogen sulfide inhibits the proliferation of VSMC under high static pressure by the CSE/H2S pathway which related to the reduction of the expression of p-CaM and CyclinD1.