Acetylcholinesterase is an important target for anti-Alzheimer's disease now.Much attention has been paid to the development of tacrine dimeric or hybrid compounds.The design strategy is transforming merely interacting with the two binding sites of acetylcholinesterase to get more activity and selectivity into the multi-target-directed function for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Herein,the tacrine dimeric or hybrid compounds development and the prospect for the treatment of AD have been reviewed.

Research team shows virtual and distributed characteristics in the big science era.It is common and frequent that researcher often communicates with each other informally for knowledge sharing regularly or non-regularly.Thus raised the attention paid by research administrators to such informal communication in the research team.From the aspect of community practice,we tried to propose helpful suggestions and considerations to improve the effectiveness of informal communication from following four perspectives:focusing on the informal social network in research team,create conditions for informal communication,train communication coordinators and measure the values of informal communication scientifically.

This article described the background,concept,characteristic and objective of the research-based nursing,systematically introducing the main measures including management mechanism, nursing service,nursing staff training,and nursing scientific development.Other areas covered include innovation management mechanism,updating service philosophy,improving nursing staff training,and constructing scientific research platform.

Objective To investigate an economic and practical modality for the all-round rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy(CP).Methods The six-in-one rehabilitation approach was designed according to the principal of modern rehabilitation and conductive education.It was mainly conducted through physical therapy,occupational therapy,speech therapy,sensory integration,supplemented with individual education and a self-originated "movement rehabilitation exercise".50 CP children were treated with this approach.Results After one period of treatment by six-in-one approach,the movement function,language ability and cognitive ability of those CP children improved tremendously.The children also got much progress in sociality and activities of daily living(ADL).The effective rate of rehabilitation reached 90%～96%.Conclusion The CP children have benefited variously in areas of language,movement,cognition,behavior,sociality and ADL from six-in-one approach,which requires small financial contribution from family and is cost-effective to the rehabilitation center.It is a new approach for all-round CP children rehabilitation,which can be adopted by small and middle sized rehabilitating institution and community rehabilitation,especially for those poor families CP children more than 3 years old.

The capsule-style micro-system is a hot spot of minimally-invasive medical instruments. Progresses of some typical capsule-style micro-systems, such as the wireless endoscope, site specific delivery capsule (SSDC), alimentary tract sampling capsule, PH capsule, etc. are introduced here in detail. The research activities in China and the developing trend of capsule-style micro-systems are discussed too.
Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal ; classification ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods

Pi-Wei theory is an important component of the basic theory of Chinese medicine. The pathogenesis of Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome is an important content of Pi-Wei theory. The tongue coating is one of the most important signs reflecting Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome. From the perspective of microecology and pathogenesis, the microbial disequilibrium caused by quantity changes of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and their interaction in the gastric mucosa and the tongue coating might have certain correlation with "mutual struggle between the evil and the vital qi, the disequilibrium between yin and yang". The pathogenesis features of chronic gastritis patients of Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome was initially proposed in this article.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastric Mucosa ; microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections ; diagnosis ; Helicobacter pylori ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Stomach Diseases ; diagnosis ; microbiology

Objective: To evaluate the surgical prediction accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic reduction surgery using L-shaped osteotomy. Methods: Pre-and-postoperative 1-year CBCT data of 26 patients with zygomatic arch hypertrophy were imported in Proplan CMF software during 2014 Jan. to 2016 Jun., the 3D models were reconstructed for simulation of L-shaped osteotomy, characteristic landmarks were selected and 3D point measurement system was established. The measurement result were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Meanwhile, the overlap color grading charts of preoperative and simulated images were also observed. Results: The facial width, bilateral zygomatic process angle and facial width index were [(128.56±2.72) mm, (106.87±2.53)°, (108.56±3.02)°and 1.41±0.03] in postoperative result, [(129.49±2.26) mm, (108.68±2.40)°, (108.85±3.02)°and 1.42±0.03]in simulated result and [(135.45±2.45) mm, (102.50±2.60)°, (103.41±2.56)°and 1.48±0.05] in preoperative result, with significant difference between preoperative and postoperative result, or between preoperative and simulated result (P<0.05), while no significance between postoperative and simulated result (P>0.05). The soft tissue zygomatic process distance was(153.25±2.58) mm in preoperative result, (150.23±2.76)mm in postoperative result , (149.36±3.27)mm in simulated result, with no significance between any of two groups result (P>0.05). The zygomatic process distance and bilateral zygomatic process tragal distance were (126.35±2.56) mm, (68.75±2.15) mm and(68.86±3.21) mm in postoperative result, showing significant differences compared with preoperative result [(120.16±3.18) mm, (74.58±3.19) mm and(76.14±3.15) mm] and simulated result [(118.86±3.45) mm, (73.85±3.57) mm and(76.87±2.58) mm] respectively(P<0.05), while zygomatic arch distance was not statistically different among the three groups(P>0.05). It indicated that predictive accuracy of facial width, facial width index, zygomatic process angle, soft tissue zygomatic arch distance was high but the soft tissue zygomatic process distance and zygomatic process tragal distance was relatively low. Meanwhile, the color overlay image showed that predictive accuracy was not good in the zygomatic region while the zygomatic arch area was high. Conclusions The predictive accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic arch hypertrophy is relatively high except for the zygomatic region. Further improvement of the CMF software is needed.

Objective To observe the coronary vessel lumen diameter and bifurcation angle in subjects with normal CT coronary angiography (CTCA) imaging.Methods64-row CT coronary angiography imaging from 526 adult people with excellent image quality and normal vascular image were analyzed in this study.The lumen diameter from the origin to distal with 2 mm lumen of left main coronary artery (LM),anterior descending branch (LAD),left circumflex branch (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA) was measured at 1 cm interval in CPR image.The vascular tapered ratio was calculated.The bifurcation angle in the diagonal branch,obtuse marginal branch,posterior descending branch,acute marginal branch as well as the origin diameter was also measured in VR image.Results The LAD average length was 13 cm and lumen diameter was 3.92 mm at origin and 2.10 mm at distal.The average decremented ratio of LAD was 7.7％ ( male 7.0％,female 8.4％ ).The maximal decremented ratio 8.0％ -10.0％ occurred at 3 -5 cm apart from the origin of LAD.The LCX average length was 13 cm and lumen diameter was 3.57 mm at origin and 2.10 mm at distal.The average decremented ratio of LCX was 9.7％( male 9.6％,female 9.7％ ).Lumen decremented ratio was less than 3.0％ between origin and proximal 3 cm and 8.3％ - 10.7％ in the rest portion of the LCX.The RCA average length was 18 cm and lumen diameter was 3.97 mm at origin and 2.15 mm at distal.The average decremented ratio of RCA was 5.1％(male 4.9％,female 5.3％ ).The decremented ratio of RCR was less than 4.0％ between origin and proximal 10 cm and 6.1％ - 15.2％ in the rest portion.The bifurcation angle was 50,55,66 and 76 degree for LAD with diagonal branch,LCX with obtuse marginal branch,RCA with posterior descending branch and RCA with obtuse marginal branch respectively.Conclusion Coronary artery length,lumen diameter and decremented ratio as well as bifurcation angel could be identified in 64 row CTCA image in vivo.This information could help us to understand the in vivo coronary artery anatomy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in gingival tissue of active and stable stage in patients with adult periodontitis.

METHODS12 patients with acute abscesses of the periodontium, 12 patients after periodontal initial treatment and 6 periodontal healthy patients having extraction of impacted wisdom tooth were randomly divided into group A (active stage group), group B (stable stage group) and the control group. Biopsies of gingival tissues were collected from every subject of three groups. Technique of in situ hybridization was applied to observe the expression of IL-10 mRNA in the biopsies from three groups semi-quantitatively.

RESULTSIL-10 mRNA was positively expressed in lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. The quantity of IL-10 mRNA of group A was the lowest in the three groups and was significantly lower than that of control group and group B respectively (P < 0.01). The quantity of IL-10 mRNA of group B was the highest in the three groups and was significantly higher compared with the control group and group A (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe quantities of IL-10 mRNA expression are closely related with various clinical states of periodontitis.

Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Periodontitis ; metabolism ; Gingiva ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

The swallowable camera-capsule,described in the aper, 11 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length , contains a CMOS image sensor, an optical system, a battery, a light source, a transmitter, a antenna and so on. The CMOS image sensor and its driving circuit can be miniaturized with MEMS technology. Image signal can be transmitted by analog or digital way. Image signal can be wirelessly transmitted through serial data interface. Finally, the processing technics of the capsule's crust is introduced.
Capsule Endoscopes ; Equipment Design ; Wireless Technology