1.Calcium Intake among Myanmar Residing in Bago, Kayin, and Yangon Areas
Phyu Phyu Aung ; Mya Ohnmar ; Moh Moh Hlaing ; Moe Thida Kyaw ; Aye Aye Than ; Theingi Thwin ; Tin Khine Myint
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2010;16(1):91-100
A cross-sectional survey combined with 24-hour dietary recall and food diary was undertaken to assess the calcium intake of the Myanmar population. The
study was conducted from November 2003 to October 2005. A total of 886 subjects of both sexes aged above 2 years from three States and Divisions (Bago, Kayin,
and Yangon) of Myanmar were included in the study. The major measures were mean daily calcium intake (mg/day) and major sources of calcium in the diet.
Overall mean calcium intake was 197+13mg/day (2-9 years), 421+2mg/day (10-19 years), 399+21 mg/day (20-49 years), and 383+25mg/day (>50 years) for males,
while the corresponding values for females were 207+17 mg/day, 366+19 mg/day, 387+16 mg/day, and 327 +19 mg/day. Calcium intake was less than 80% of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Myanmar for ages 2-9 years and
10-29 years in all the study areas, and for the 50 years and above age group in Yangon. Fish paste was found to be the major source of calcium. Milk and milk
products contributed very little to total calcium intake, contributing 2.1% for residents in Yangon, 5.1% in Pa-an and none in Bago. Consumption of calciumrich
foods, particularly milk and milk products, should be encouraged among the Myanmar people. Towards this end, appropriate nutrition education materials should be developed for promotional purposes.
2.Ageing assessment of zirconia implant prostheses by three different quantitative assessment techniques
Phyu Phyu KYAW ; Pong PONGPRUEKSA ; Warangkana ANUCHITOLARN ; Krongkarn SIRINUKUNWATTA ; Kallaya SUPUTTAMONGKOL
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics 2019;11(5):253-261
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of cyclic loading on phase transformation of zirconia abutments and to compare the effectiveness of three different quantitative ageing assessment techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty two Y-TZP prostheses fabricated from two brands, InCoris ZI and Ceramill ZI, were cemented to titanium bases and equally divided into two subgroups (n=8): control group without any treatment and aged group with cyclic loading between 20 N and 98 N for 100,000 cycles at 4 Hz in distilled water at 37℃. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was assessed by (i) conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) micro x-ray diffraction (µXRD), and (iii) micro-Raman spectroscopy. The monoclinic-phase fractions (M%) were compared by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: InCoris Zi presented significantly higher M% than Ceramill Zi in both control and aged groups (P<.001). Both materials exhibited significant phase transformation with monoclinicphase of 1 to 3% more in aged groups than controls for all thre e assessment techniques. The comparable M% was quantified by both µXRD and XRD. The highest M% was assessed with micro-Raman. CONCLUSION: Cyclic loading produced significant phase transformation in tested Y-TZP prostheses. The micro-Raman spectroscopy could be used as an alternative to XRD and µXRD.
Prostheses and Implants
;
Spectrum Analysis
;
Titanium
;
Water
;
X-Ray Diffraction
3.Divergence insufficiency, thyroid disease
Khine Mi Mi Ko ; Win Kyawt Khin ; Kyaw Linn ; Aye Mya Min Aye ; Chaw Su Hlaing ; Aye Mu Sann ; Hnin Wint Wint Aung ; Myo Thiri Swe ; Cho Thair ; Yi Yi Mar ; Nway Nway ; Phyu Phyu Myint ; Ei Hnin Kyu
Neurology Asia 2018;23(3):283-286
Dengue viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses
of the Flavivirus genus. It is a common viral
infection worldwide, especially in tropical
regions. Various neurological manifestations
such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, meningitis,
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
acute viral myositis, Guillain–Barré syndrome
and others are increasingly reported. However,
acute haemorrhagic encephalitis is a very rare
presentation. Currently, there are only few
previous case reports
4.Peripheral neuropathy induced by drinking water contaminated with low-dose arsenic in Myanmar.
Hitoshi MOCHIZUKI ; Khin Phyu PHYU ; Myo Nanda AUNG ; Phyo Wai ZIN ; Yasunori YANO ; Moe Zaw MYINT ; Win Min THIT ; Yuka YAMAMOTO ; Yoshitaka HISHIKAWA ; Kyaw Zin THANT ; Masugi MARUYAMA ; Yoshiki KURODA
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2019;24(1):23-23
BACKGROUND:
More than 140 million people drink arsenic-contaminated groundwater. It is unknown how much arsenic exposure is necessary to cause neurological impairment. Here, we evaluate the relationship between neurological impairments and the arsenic concentration in drinking water (ACDW).
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study design was employed. We performed medical examinations of 1867 residents in seven villages in the Thabaung township in Myanmar. Medical examinations consisted of interviews regarding subjective neurological symptoms and objective neurological examinations of sensory disturbances. For subjective neurological symptoms, we ascertained the presence or absence of defects in smell, vision, taste, and hearing; the feeling of weakness; and chronic numbness or pain. For objective sensory disturbances, we examined defects in pain sensation, vibration sensation, and two-point discrimination. We analyzed the relationship between the subjective symptoms, objective sensory disturbances, and ACDW.
RESULTS:
Residents with ACDW ≥ 10 parts per billion (ppb) had experienced a "feeling of weakness" and "chronic numbness or pain" significantly more often than those with ACDW < 10 ppb. Residents with ACDW ≥ 50 ppb had three types of sensory disturbances significantly more often than those with ACDW < 50 ppb. In children, there was no significant association between symptoms or signs and ACDW.
CONCLUSION
Subjective symptoms, probably due to peripheral neuropathy, occurred at very low ACDW (around 10 ppb). Objective peripheral nerve disturbances of both small and large fibers occurred at low ACDW (> 50 ppb). These data suggest a threshold for the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy due to arsenic exposure, and indicate that the arsenic concentration in drinking water should be less than 10 ppb to ensure human health.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Arsenic
;
analysis
;
toxicity
;
Cross-Sectional Studies
;
Dietary Exposure
;
adverse effects
;
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
;
Drinking Water
;
adverse effects
;
chemistry
;
Female
;
Groundwater
;
chemistry
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Myanmar
;
epidemiology
;
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
;
chemically induced
;
epidemiology
;
physiopathology
;
Sensation Disorders
;
chemically induced
;
epidemiology
;
physiopathology
;
Water Pollutants, Chemical
;
analysis
;
toxicity
;
Young Adult