By investigating the trends of leprosy in Khanh Hoa through epidemiological indicators during the period of 16 years (1985 - 2000), we estimate its prevalence to be reduced below the rate of 0,5/10.000 and its incidence to be under 5/100.000 in 2003. Proportions of 2 nd degree disability and of multibaciallary type among newly detected cases remaining unchanged in the past 16 years account for a delay in case -finding and a high level of transmission in population. The risk factors for leprosy- related disabilities include delay of diagnosis and erythema nodosum leprosum. It is likely that improvement of information on leprosy at peripheral level and intergration of leprosy control services into general health care system are necessary for us to reach the goal of leprosy elimination
leprosy ; Leprosy, Lepromatous

Our study were carried out on 5 patients (3 males, 2 females, the average age was 37.6) in order to evaluate primarily the regime of anti-retrovirus with didanosin and ididavir on 5 HIV patients at some stages of disease. The obvious effectiveness of combination found in the first 3 months, the tolerance was rather good, therefore the drugs can be used for along time. However, the results were satisfactory when using early and the patients were not addicted
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: In Vietnam, there are increase rate of patients with acute leukemia including acute myelogenous leukemia. The clinical, gender, age as well as morphological characteristics of cells have prognostic significance about response to treatment and survival time of patients. Objectives: (1) To describe the distribution of acute myelogenous leukemia types by FAB standard in 'National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. (2) To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Subjects and methods: The study included 67 patients diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia by FAB standard without chemotherapy in 'National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. Results and conclusions: The median age: 35.55 \xb1 13.46, sex: 53% male, 47% female. Ratio of M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7 was 1, 10, 19, 18, 30, 13, 6, 1 %, respectively. 100% of these patients presented with anemia, 57 % with hemorrage, 46 % with fever. Lymphadenopathy was presented in 61 %, hepatomegaly was presented in 27% and spleenomegaly was presented in 9%. 53% of the patients had more bleeding was M3. Lymphadenopathy, hepatospleenomegaly had most frequently seen in the patients of M4 and M5 type. \r\n", u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myeloid ; Acute/ immunology ; Hematology

Background: Obstetric complications always are the risk factors which impact on pregnant women, especially no having care and treatment on time. Objectives: (1) To determine the rate of obstetric complications in some communes of Hoai Duc district, Ha Tay province. (2) To identify some factors which may have impact obstetric complications in the community. Subjects and method: Conducting a cross \ufffd?sectional survey with 363 women randomly chosen for sampling from the list of 1.530 women of reproductive age having terminated their pregnancy dressed for a six \ufffd?month period (from 1 October 2004 to 31 March 2005) in 10 communes of Hoai Duc district, Ha Tay province. Results: The obstetric complications rate was 9.9%. Obstetric complications recorded under the research often had the following forms: hemorrhage (94.4%), infection and pre \ufffd?eclampsia/eclampsia, each of them (2.8%). obstetric complications regularly happened with women of over 40 years old (20%). Those complications were closely linked to vaginal bleeding symptom during pregnant period with p<0.05. Conclusion: Obstetric complication rate was 9.9%, mostly hemorrhage. There was close relation between obstetric complication with vaginal bleeding symptom during pregnant period.
Obstetric Labor Complications ; Residence Characteristics ;

Background: In recent years, Vietnam has applied four methods (morphology, cell chemistry, immune marker classification, cyto genetic) in diagnosis and used multi-chemotherapy in treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)\r\n', u'Objectives: To initially determine some fusion gene transcripts in the acute myelogenous leukemia patients by applying PCR technique. Subject and method: The study included 19 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated in National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Bachmai Hospital from April 2007 to August 2007. RNA were extracted from leukemic cells and PCR for AML1/ETO, CBFP/MYH11, PMR/RARa fusion transcript was done. Results: Number of male patients was 6 (32%), female patients was 13 (68%). The average age of these patients was 32.67 \xb113.62. There were three M4, M4eo patients with AML1/ETO gene (accounting for 16%), two M2, M4 patients with CBF/MYH1 gene and type F of genetic modification accounting for 11%), two M3 patients with PMR/RAR\u03b1 and Bcr3 of genetic modification (accounting for 11%). Conclusion: Results of the study did not differ significantly from other researches in the world. This study showed the need of applying the PCR technique in determining fusion gene transcript together with traditional cyto-genetic method.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myeloid ; Acute/ blood ; pathology ; complications ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: In Vietnam, there are a number of studies on the application of ATRA in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML \u2013 M3) but they have still faced with certain difficulties. Objectives: (1). Study PML/RAR alpha fusion gene on the patients diagnosed with AML \u2013 M3. (2). Study the index of hematology of the PML/RAR alpha positive group. Subject and Method: 21 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) were studied. All patients were examined with morphology, coagulation and cytogenetic tests and RNA were extracted from leukemic cells and PCR for PML/RAR alpha fusion transcript. Result and conclusion: PML/RAR alpha positive in 67% including 4 patients which were not discovered t(15; 17) by cytogenetic technique. Rates of three subtype (bcr1, bcr2 and bcr3) of PML/RAR alpha were 7 patients (50%), 3 patients (21,5%) and 4 patients (28,5%), respectively. WBC and bone marrow cells of PML/RAR alpha positive group were 5.08+/-3.87 and 155.82+/-106.21. D \u2013 Dimer level was 1954.89+/-1575.28; 93% of patients in the PML/RAR alpha positive group had DIC.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia ; M3 ; PML/RAR alpha

Background: Chromosome mutation type t(8;21) has quite a high frequency in acute myelogenous leukemia, which accounted for about 15% among adult patients. From 2001, the WHO has a new classification for acute myelogenous leukemia based on genetic mutations. Form had AML1/ETO were arranged into genetic mutation group with better prognosis and ability to fully recover after chemotherapy with a high dose of cytarabin. Objective: Study AML1/ETO fusion gene on the patients diagnosed with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), as well as the clinical features and some haematologic parameters of the AML1/ETO positive group. Subject and methods: 76 patients with AML were treating in the National Institute of Hematology & Blood Transfusion and the Department of Hematology & Blood Transfusion of Bach Mai Hospital from April 2007 to July 2008. These patients were studied for clinical examination, morphology and RNA were extracted from leukemic cells and PCR for AML1/ETO fusion transcript was performed. Results and conclusions: The incidence of AML1/ETO positive in the AML patients was 24%. The incidence of AML1/ETO positive in AML-M2 was 28%. In the AML1/ETO positive group: median age was 26.94+/-9.22; rate of severe anemia, hemorrhage, fever, infection, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and gum hypertrophy was 44%, 33%, 28%, 11%, 44%, 28%, 17% and 6%, respectively. Median hemoglobin, WBC, platelet, bone marrow cell count, % blast in peripheral blood and in bone marrow was 84.41+/-28.97 g/l, 29.42+/-31.36 g/l, 42.12+/-33.83 g/l, 215.93+/-134.42 g/l, 56.21+/-26.58% and 65.14+/-16.12%, respectively.
acute myelogenous leukemia ; AML1/ETO fusion gene

Teachers’ perspectives on teaching, learning, and education are their beliefs, attitudes, and understandings. This study examines Vietnamese teachers’ perspectives on constructivist theory, a “revolution in current educational psychology”. Because it has greatly influenced teaching and education philosophy and practice worldwide, notably general education program reform. This study uses constructivist theory to build techniques and forms for Vietnamese primary teachers through experiential activities. The north Vietnam: Hanoi Capital, Vinh Phuc City, Ninh Binh City, Cao Bang City, Lao Cai City, Bac Giang City. The average tenure of teachers is nearly 11 years. The authors used a teacher’s questionnaire from six provinces to collect data on constructing experiential activities in a constructivist primary school subject. The findings showed that primary teachers preferred experiential activities in the subject based on constructivist theory and that story-telling and conversation were the most popular teaching methods and instructional forms. Constructivist theory stresses that learners actively construct knowledge and understand via experience. Teachers that use constructivist theory to build primary school experiences will help kids at this foundational level acquire quality and capacity.

Objective To screen Vietnamese medicinal plants for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity and to isolate XO inhibitor(s) from the most active plant. Methods The plants materials were extracted by methanol. The active plant materials were fractionated using different organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Bioassay-guided fractionation and column chromatography were used to isolate compounds. The compounds structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and NMR. Results Three hundreds and eleven methanol extracts (CME) belonging to 301 Vietnamese herbs were screened for XO inhibitory activity. Among these plants, 57 extracts displayed XO inhibitory activity at 100 μg/mL with inhibition rates of over 50%. The extracts of Archidendron clypearia (A. clypearia), Smilax poilanei, Linociera ramiflora and Passiflora foetida exhibited the greatest potency with IC

Backgrounds: Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is commonly used in colorectal cancer screening programs. Many studies have compared different FOBT methods, but the correlation between traditional red cell microscopy and FOBT remains unclear. Objectives: 1) To evaluate the rate of positive FOBT in patients with different disease groups; 2) To compare the sensitivity and specificity of red blood cells detection in fresh stool by microscopy technique and FOBT. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 120 patients from Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital who requested a stool test from 4/2021 to 4/2022. Fresh stool samples were examined for the presence of red blood cells using traditional microscopy and FOBT technique. Results: The overall positivity rate of FOBT was 20%, and in the group of gastrointestinal diseases (n = 24), clinical anemia (n = 21), hepatobiliary diseases (n = 26) and other diseases (n = 49), it was 37.5%, 23.8%, 11.5% and 14.3%, respectively. In comparison with the FOBT technique, microscopic RBC detection had a sensitivity of 33.3% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusions: A high rate of fecal occult blood tests was observed in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Microscopic erythrocyte detection has low sensitivity and many disadvantages compared to the rapid test. This rapid test should be widely used in clinical practice to aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding