There were many events and achievement of the health sector. The strengthening and cosisodilation of the health network and primary health care contributed importantly to the people health protection and care. The year of 2002 play an very important role in strategy of health activity during 2001-2010. It should develop the obtained achievement, concurrently find the basic lesion and propose solutions for the health activity.
Health ; Delivery of Health Care

Background: In Vietnam, although there were interventions in perinatal and neonatal care services, the neonatal mortality reduced slowly, accounting for >50% of under-5-year-old mortality rate and >70% of under-1-year-old mortality rate. \r\n', u'Objectives: Discover the status of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care services, and analyze the relationships between healthcare services and neonatal mortality in Quang Ninh province. Subjects and method: Information on births and neonatal deaths between January and December 2005 in Quang Ninh province was collected. The perinatal care services including antenatal, delivery and post partum cares were described. The relationship between neonatal deaths and places of delivery was analyzed in order to uncover the risk of death in newborns delivered at home. Results: 76% of pregnant women received 3 or more antenatal care visits. More than 90% of deliveries took place at health facilities, of them, 16% occurred in community health stations. Only 49% of mothers received post partum care visits, with 82% of them received the visits in the first week after delivery. There were 17,519 births and 284 neonatal deaths in 2005. The neonatal mortality rate was lowest in cases born in community health stations (7.5/1.000) and highest in home birth cases (39/1.000). Conclusion: Further improvement in safe motherhood and neonatal survival can be achieved by increasing the accessibility of women to perinatal cares during pregnancy, delivery. \r\n', u'
perinatal care services ; neonatal mortality

Background: Pediatric emergency at the inter-hospital transfer lines is a serious problem in the care and treatment of children. 24 hours mortality after admission rose higher than previously.\r\n', u'Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the 24 hours mortality and to analyze the causes of 24 hours mortality.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study was carried out on 189 patients, who died during 24 hours after admission at Nghe An Pediatric hospital from July 2002 to June 2004.\r\n', u'Results: The results showed that the 24 hour mortality consisted of 77% of all deaths in the hospital. The neonatal mortality rate among the admitted patients was the highest. The most common causes of deaths were: respiratory and neurological diseases with 48% of the total (24% each) followed by injury (15%). Asphyxia/premature ranked third (9%). Surgical diseases consisted of 8.5% and infectious diseases contributed 6% of all deaths. \r\n', u'Conclusion: The interventions at hospital should prioritize the improvement of knowledge and skills on neurological, respiratory, trauma and surgical emergency care. The urgent need is also to train staff and to supply equipment for neonatal care. \r\n', u'
Mortality ; children

Background: Child health care practices in the context of households and community is an important factor to improving the health of children. Some indexes were proposed by the World Health Organization to evaluate these practices. Objectives: To describe the knowledge and practice of pregnant women, under-5-year-old children\u2019s health care and assess the application of the survey toolkit in evaluating various indexes of healthcare practice at family and community levels. Subjects and method: By employing a structured interview, this cross-sectional survey has been conducted in Tu Liem district - Hanoi city and Tien Hai district \u2013 Thai Binh province. 120 mothers of under-5-year-old children participated in the survey. Results:98% of mothers had at least 3 antenatal visits during pregnancy. The rate of complete tetanus vaccination reached 43.3% in Tu Liem and 65% in Tien Hai. Prevalence of infant with low birth weight for age accounted for 8.3% in both districts. The percentage of children given complementary feeding at age of 6 to 9 months as the National Nutrition Program recommendations was only 30%. 65.7% and 68.5% of under-2-year-old children in Tu Liem and Tien Hai were breastfed within the first 30 minutes after delivery. There were a small proportion of mothers who gave complementary food either too early or too late, 8.3% and 8.4% in Tu Liem, 6.7% and 6.6% in Tien Hai, respectively. More than 90% of children were given normal feeding as usual during last their illness, but only 50% of children were given more fluid than usual. 98.2% of mothers knew 2 signs to immediately bring the child to health facilities. The most common injuries in under-5-year-old children were animal bites (62.5%) and falling (31.3%), however only 62.5% of mothers knew at least two measures of injury prevention. Conclusion: The toolkit for collecting data of practical index assessment can be applied at communes.
child health care ; practice ; knowledge

Background: DNA biosensor is based on micro-nano technologies aimed at developing a rapid diagnostic device of infectious diseases and diseases related to genetic change. Biosensors are compact size, high sensitivity and low cost\r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate effect of biosensor in detecting specific gene fragments of Herpes Simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV)\r\n', u'Subjects and method: The electrical signals were recognized by means of transducer and from electrochemical detection of the hybridization between the probe 5\ufffd?AT CAC CGA CCC GGA GAG GGA C-3\ufffd?which were covalently immobilised onto the surface of micro electrodessensors in 3-aminopropyltri-ethoxysilance (APTS)-the conducting polymer matrix and the target (specific DNA sequences of HSV in the sample.\r\n', u'Results: The DNA sensor offers a very high sensitivity, a fast response time, less than 1 min with the DNA target concentration up to 1nM in aqueous media at room temperature.However, in order to detect target DNA in the real samples, samples must be extracted DNA, denatured DNA sequences from a double fiber to single fiber. The measurement should be done soon\r\n', u'Conclusion: The results show a large promise to develop quickly DNA sensors for widely application in bio-medical research \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Biosensing Techniques ; CNBP protein ; human ;

Background: Mosquitoes and pigs play important roles in maintaining and increasing the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus in nature and which is then transmitted to humans. Thus, surveillance of the JE infection frequency in the pig population may predict the human JE cases. \r\n', u'Objectives: The study aimed to determine IgG antibody against the JE virus in the pig population in Hanam province \r\n', u'Subjects and methods: The study included 1791 pig serum samples collected from 3 districts of Hanam province from Apr 2006 to Mar 2007. GAC-ELISA technique was used to determine the JE virus infection in the swine population.\r\n', u'Results: The average positive rate in pig population was 34.9 % (626/1791); with the highest frequency occurring in the summer (37.7%- 84.0 %), co-incident with the JE season in Northern Vietnam. On the contrary, in winter JE case are rare, frequency of IgG antibody against JE virus in the swine population was low, ranging from 9.2% to 22.0.%. \r\n', u'Conclusions: These results have shown the ecologically close relationship between the amplification of the JE virus in the swine population, vector and JE cases in northern Vietnam. \r\n', u'
Japanese encephalitis ; pig population ; GAC-ELISA.

Background: Recently, microplate almar blue assay has been used commonly in detecting gen related to tuberculosis drug resistance, which provides results after 5-7 days with lower cost compared to traditional methods. Objective: To evaluate the application of microplate almar blue assay for rapid detection of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis strains. Subject and Method: A microplate-based assay which uses Alamar blue reagent - an oxidation reduction dye (MABA), was used for the determination of the anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid-INH, rifampicine-RIF, streptomycine-STR and ethabuton=EMB) resistance of 96 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Vietnamese patients in comparison to those obtained by conversional method. Result: MABA showed to have high sensitivity and specificity in testing the sensitivity to individual anti-tuberculosis drugs (from 82.4% for STR to 93.3% for - INH and from 82.5% for EMB to 98.4% for STR; respectively), as well as for the multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis (86.4% of sensitivity), highly correlated with the result determined by proportion method. Conclusion: MABA reveals the advantage in shortening test time, in simple performance and lower cost compared with the conversional culture based methods.
Microplate almar blue assay ; M. tuberculosis ; drug resistance

Four Trichoderma strains (CH2, SH16, PQ34, and TN42) were isolated from soil samples collected from Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam. The strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. Strain PQ34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these strains indicated that they were Trichoderma asperellum. The molecular weights of the chitinases were approximately 42 kDa. Chitinase genes (chi42) of T. asperellum strains TN42, CH2, SH16, and PQ34 were 98~99% homologous to the ech42 gene of T. harzianum CB-Pin-01 (accession No. DQ166036). The deduced amino acid sequences of both T. asperellum strains SH16 and TN42 shared 100% similarity.
Agar ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Chitin ; Chitinase ; Colloids ; Molecular Weight ; Soil ; Sprains and Strains ; Trichoderma ; Vietnam

Objectives: Survey on erectile dysfunction in patients with lumbosacral disc herniation and evaluation of their clinical improvement after surgical treatment of spinal canal stenosis due to herniated disc. Materials and Methods: 35 patients with lumbosacral were treated with discectomy with posterior intervertebral fusion (PLIF) surgery from 10/2021 - 4/2022 at the Department of Neurology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Patients were evaluated for erectile dysfunction and postoperative improvement using the IIEF-5, CSFQ-14, DASS-21, Oswestry scales. Results: The mean age was 48.49 ± 9.15 years old. 51.4% of patients had the most severe hernia at the L4-L5 disc, 28.6% L3-L4 and 20% L5-S1. 100% of patients with herniated disc have erectile dysfunction. Of which 40% had mild-moderate disorders, 34.3% had moderate disorders, 14.3% had severe disorders and 11.4% had mild disorders. The CSFQ-14 and DASS-21 scales were correlated with erectile dysfunction (p < 0.05). Surgery significantly improved pain (VAS score), activity limitation (ODI and JOA), degree of erectile dysfunction, changes in sexual function, depression and anxiety, stress of the patient 1 month after surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with lumbosacral disc herniation had a 100% erectile dysfunction rate with a mean IIEF-5 score of 11.69 ± 3.77. The CSFQ-14 and DASS-21 scores have a strong positive correlation with erectile dysfunction. Surgical treatment of spinal canal stenosis due to lumbosacral disc herniation improves the clinical status of herniated disc as well as improves erectile dysfunction in these patients.