After utilization of CT scanner in the diagnosic of patients with severe head injuries, IH is more frequently reported. Patients with head injuries associated with IH have worse prognosis than that with no IH. This suggests that cranio-cerebral trauma is the major cause of that bad prognosis.
Injections, Intraventricular ; Prognosis

Several methods for active the community role in dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever control and prevention were implemented in 3 communes of Nam Hµ province from 1998 to 2000. These methods included health education to improve the knowledge of local people on this disease, eliminating discarded containers and introducing predacious Mesocyclops to large-size water containers. Results from the fields showed that the vector indices were reduced significantly compared with that in other untreated communes. No dengue epidemic circulated in the interventional communes. Using Mesocyclops for dengue control was accepted easily by local people. Mesocyclops can recycle and develop one released in water containers. Its population can remain from 70% to 90% after releasing
Dengue ; prevention & control

Result of the research showed that dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) was endemic disease in Nam Hµ province with following characteristics: low incidence (16.3/100,000 persons), sporadicalness, persistence and unpredictable. All four types of dengue virus were isolated and they were pathogens of DF/DHF endemic in this province. Two species of mosquito vector were collected, and Aedes aegypti was a major vector in transmitting dengue virus. Breeding sites of Aedes aegypti were investigated with up to seven different kinds of water body. It was determined that the key breeding places of the vector for both urban and rural area were concrete tanks, jars, wells and discarded objects. It was in first time documented the breeding site of Aedes aegypti and added into checklist for Aedes larvae in Northern part of Vietnam
Dengue ; epidemiology

The method of community participation was implemented at three communes of Nam Dinh province since 1998. Results from the fields show that vector indices were reduced significantly compared with that in the untreated commune. No dengue epidemic circulated at these communes. Using mesocyclops for dengue vector control was accepted easily by local people. Mesocyclops can recycle and develop once released in water containers. Its population can remain from 70% to 90% after introduced into resource containers
Dengue ; prevention & control

DF/DHF is endemic disease in Nam Ha province with the following characteristics: low incidence, sporadicalness, persistence and unprediction. All four type of dengue virus was isolated and was the causative agents of DF/DHF epidemic in the province. Two species of mosquito vector were collected, and Aedes aegypti is major vector in transmitting dengue virus. Breeding sites of Aedes aegypti were investigated with up to seven different kind of water bodies and key breeding places of the vector for both urban and rural areas are concrete tanks, jars, wells and discarded objects. It is first time well is recognized as breeding site of Aedes aegypti and added into checking list for Aedes larvae in Northern part of Viet Nam
Dengue ; epidemiology

KAP survey was conducted with 900 householders at three communes being endemic of dengue fever of Nam Dinh province before and after implementing dengue control measures. The results indicated community's knowledge on dengue was increased clearly, from 81.4% to 97.6% of households knew the transmission way of the disease. 83.4% of them know how to use mesocyclops for dengue vector control after carrying out the education and community mobilization. The collaborator network played a very important role in bringing information, improving knowledge, encouraging community participation to villagers, and supporting the active control measure and using mesocyclops for Aedes egypti larvae vector control
Dengue ; prevention & control

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and the TNM staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Subjects and method: It was a prospective study on clinical characteristics and the TNM staging of 53 patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Bach Mai Hospital from January 2005 to June 2005. Results and conclusions: The most common age was over 40, accounting for 92.5%, male/female (2.5/1). 64.2% of cases with smoking history (97.1% for men and 2.9% for women). 79.4% of patients had smoked over 20 years. The concordance of diagnosis between the previous hospitals and Bach Mai hospital was 34.6%. The most common clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis were chest pain, prolonged cough, haemoptysis, weight lost and pleural effusion syndrome. Basing on the 1997 International Staging System of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, we have found that T4 in 64.2%, N(+) 64.2% and metastasis in 32.1%. IIIB and IV stage in 75.5%, patients with IA to IIIA stages being able to be operated was 24.5% of cases. 92.5% of patients were over 40 years old; male/female: 2.5/1. 79.4 of patients had smoked cigarette over 20 years.
Lung Neoplasms/ pathology ; etiology

Background: Ankle arthroscopy has been used in Viet Duc Hospital for 4 years and now has become a routine surgery with about 200 patients, who has had ankle arthroscopy to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament or operate ragged meniscectomy. Objectives: Evaluate the result of ankle arthroscopy in Viet Duc Hospital and review the indication and surgical technique of ankle arthroscopy in the literature. Subject and methods: Retrospective study on 10 patients with ankle arthroscopy in Viet Duc Hospital from May 2006 to May 2007. Results: 5 patients with impingement, 4 patients with OCD lesion and 1 case of an old displaced fracture of lateral malleolar. Postoperative evaluation with Olerud Molander, ankle function improves at least 10 points and all the patients are satisfied with the results. Conclusions: Ankle arthroscopy gives good result and can be recommended for other cases.
ankle arthroscopy ; malleolar fracture

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway signaling is an established oncogenic signal transduction pathway implicated in multiple malignancies. Therapeutic targeting of PI3K pathway components has improved outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. Gastric cancers harbor some of the highest rates of oncogenic alterations in PI3K but attempts to translate this genomic observation have met with limited clinical success and novel approaches are needed. In the following review we discuss PI3K signaling, previous preclinical and clinical investigations in gastric cancer, and discuss future strategies aimed at overcoming resistance and improving efficacy. Identification and refinement of molecular tumor subtypes, development of predictive biomarkers along, and rational drug combination strategies are key to capitalizing on the therapeutic potential of PI3K pathway directed therapies in gastric cancers.
Biomarkers ; Breast Neoplasms ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Oncogene Protein v-akt ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway signaling is an established oncogenic signal transduction pathway implicated in multiple malignancies. Therapeutic targeting of PI3K pathway components has improved outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. Gastric cancers harbor some of the highest rates of oncogenic alterations in PI3K but attempts to translate this genomic observation have met with limited clinical success and novel approaches are needed. In the following review we discuss PI3K signaling, previous preclinical and clinical investigations in gastric cancer, and discuss future strategies aimed at overcoming resistance and improving efficacy. Identification and refinement of molecular tumor subtypes, development of predictive biomarkers along, and rational drug combination strategies are key to capitalizing on the therapeutic potential of PI3K pathway directed therapies in gastric cancers.
Biomarkers ; Breast Neoplasms ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Oncogene Protein v-akt ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases