Tablets of inactivated oral vaccine prepared from Inaba and Ogawa strains of V. cholerae were administered to volunteers. More than 50% of subjects had got an increase of vibriocide effect with T-19479 Inaba serotype of Eltor. Antibody response was monitored for several months and the rate of significant vibriocide response was determined.
Vibrio cholerae ; Vaccines

A new technology for oral vaccine tablet was elaborated and described in details: 4 forms of tablet were prepared. Their preparation was used on 100 volunteers with 2 doses of 14 day interval, each containing 150 million bacteria of Vibrio. A follow-up of 1, 3, and 6 months concerning antibody response had demonstrated the effect of these preparations. Their control standards in terms of physics, chemistry, and biology were established.
Vibrio cholerae ; Vaccines

Oral killed cholera vaccine tablet was administered to volunteers. The serum vibriocidal antibody response was monitored for several months and the frequency of significant vibrocidal antibody response was determined. The rate of volunteers having vibriocidal antibody responses is more than 50% after administration of oral cholera vaccine tablet.
Vibrio cholerae ; Vaccines

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and the TNM staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Subjects and method: It was a prospective study on clinical characteristics and the TNM staging of 53 patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Bach Mai Hospital from January 2005 to June 2005. Results and conclusions: The most common age was over 40, accounting for 92.5%, male/female (2.5/1). 64.2% of cases with smoking history (97.1% for men and 2.9% for women). 79.4% of patients had smoked over 20 years. The concordance of diagnosis between the previous hospitals and Bach Mai hospital was 34.6%. The most common clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis were chest pain, prolonged cough, haemoptysis, weight lost and pleural effusion syndrome. Basing on the 1997 International Staging System of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, we have found that T4 in 64.2%, N(+) 64.2% and metastasis in 32.1%. IIIB and IV stage in 75.5%, patients with IA to IIIA stages being able to be operated was 24.5% of cases. 92.5% of patients were over 40 years old; male/female: 2.5/1. 79.4 of patients had smoked cigarette over 20 years.
Lung Neoplasms/ pathology ; etiology

Background: Ankle arthroscopy has been used in Viet Duc Hospital for 4 years and now has become a routine surgery with about 200 patients, who has had ankle arthroscopy to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament or operate ragged meniscectomy. Objectives: Evaluate the result of ankle arthroscopy in Viet Duc Hospital and review the indication and surgical technique of ankle arthroscopy in the literature. Subject and methods: Retrospective study on 10 patients with ankle arthroscopy in Viet Duc Hospital from May 2006 to May 2007. Results: 5 patients with impingement, 4 patients with OCD lesion and 1 case of an old displaced fracture of lateral malleolar. Postoperative evaluation with Olerud Molander, ankle function improves at least 10 points and all the patients are satisfied with the results. Conclusions: Ankle arthroscopy gives good result and can be recommended for other cases.
ankle arthroscopy ; malleolar fracture

Objective: The risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from schoolchildren to their household and the protective effects of vaccination in these settings remain poorly understood. We assessed the transmission dynamics of schoolchildren with SARS-CoV-2 within their households and the protective effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination among household members in Viet Nam. Methods: We estimated the attack rate, vaccine effectiveness and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts of children confirmed to have COVID-19 who attended three schools in Ha Nam, Phu Tho and Thanh Hoa provinces between September and December 2021 using multivariable regression with household-level random effects. Results: This retrospective cohort study included 157 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their 540 household contacts. The attack rate among household contacts was 24.6% (133/540). Overall, vaccine effectiveness among household contacts was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1 to -63), higher among males than females and higher in adults aged >40 years. COVID-19 transmission was greater among female household contacts compared with males (aRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.95), although not statistically significant, and highest among those aged 19–39 years (aRR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.50 to 4.21). Fully vaccinated household contacts had significantly lower infection risk (aRR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.84). Discussion: We found substantial onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from schoolchildren to household members, and older people were more likely to be protected by vaccination. We recommend that schoolchildren and all household members living with schoolchildren receive at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Recognizing the role of schoolchildren in the onward transmission of COVID-19 is an important lesson learned by Viet Nam that can help not only in managing other outbreaks but also in protecting schoolchildren by predicting the progress of the outbreak and preparing for a timely response.