The effects of illumination on growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-alpha expression were studied. Photosynthetic activity, PS I and PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02 were assayed. Illumination enhanced the growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-a expression. Some relations were observed between hTNF-alpha expression and ture photosynthesis activity, PS I, PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02. Significant differences of the photosynthetic activity of host were detected simultaneously when hTNF-a expressed: the respiration rate increased (-68%), the light saturation point descended (+66%), all these suggested that the metabolic charge of host were increased and grow faster than wild type under low illumination.
Anabaena ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Humans ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem I Protein Complex ; analysis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

Light quality can regulate both psbA genes and vector promoter psbA of the engineered Synechococcus. Through light regulation, we tried to improve yield of the recombinant protein for vp28 gene-expressed Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. To drive photon-capturing efficiently, three limiting factors (irradiance, temperature and pH) were optimized by measuring net photosynthesis. High cell density cultures were performed with variant ratios of white, red and blue light in a 5-L photo-bioreactor. Yields of biomass, expressions of vp28 and transcription levels of psbA were compared. High ratio blue light-induced vp28 transcription had tripled and the relative accumulation of VP28 protein was doubled. The relative expressions of psbAII and psbAIII had positive correlations with higher ratio of blue light, not the red light. With high ratio red light inducing, dry biomass reached 1.5 g/L in three days. Therefore, we speculated that red light accelerated biomass accumulation of the transgenic strain and blue light promoted transcription for PpsbA and psbA. These results provided useful information for mass production of cyanobacteria and its secondary metabolites.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Light ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Synechococcus ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects

The heat shock protein ClpB is a member of the Clp family and functions as molecular chaperones. ClpB is related to the acquired thermotolerance in organisms. A cDNA of 3144 bp was screened out of a tomato cDNA library. The polypeptide deduced from the longest ORF contains 980 amino acid residues, and was classified into HSP100/ClpB family based on the result of molecular phylogenesis analysis. Thus it was named as LeHSP110/ClpB according to its calculated molecular weight. LeHSP110/ClpB was characteristic of heat-inducibility but no constitutive expression, and was demonstrated to locate in chloroplastic stroma. An antisense cDNA fragment of LeHsp110/ClpB under the control of CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into tomato by Agrobacterium tumefactions-mediated method. At high temperature, the mRNA levels of LeHsp110/ClpB in antisense transgenic plants were lower than those in control plants. The PS II of transgenic plants is more sensitive to high temperature than that of control plants according to data of Fv/Fm. These results clearly showed that HSP110/ClpB plays an important role in thermotolerance of high plants.
Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Chloroplasts ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; genetics ; HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; genetics ; physiology ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVEIn order to get the method to improve the salt resistance of seeds and seedlings for Cassia obtusbifolia under NaCl stress, seed germination and physiological characteristics of C. obtusifolia seedlings were studied.

METHODSeveral physiological indexes of C. obtusifolia seeds treated with exogenous carbon monoxide donor hematin under NaCl stress like the germination vigor, germination rate, germination index and vigor index were measured. And other indexes like the relative water content, the contents of photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the contents of soluble sugar, protein and proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were also measured.

RESULTThe germination indexes of C. obtusifolia seeds under NaCl stress had been inhibited obviously. But after the treatment of hematin, every germination indexes were all increased. The result showed that the treatment of exogenous CO donor hematin obviously improved the germination vigor, germination rate, germination index and vigor index, increased the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, improved the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PS II actual photochemical efficiency (phiPS II), photochemical quench coefficient (qP), decreased non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) , increased the relative water content of leaves and the content of soluble surge, protein and proline. Meanwhile, the results also indicated that CO improved the activities of superoxide (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). The effects of CO could be reversed when CO scavenger Hb is added.

CONCLUSIONExogenous CO donor hematin with appropriate concentration could significantly alleviate the damages to the seeds and seedlings of C. obtusifolia under NaCl stress and promote the salt resistance of the seeds and seedlings through improving the germination indexes, the photochemical efficiency and the antioxidase activities of the seedlings.

Carbohydrates ; analysis ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Cassia ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Germination ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hemin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Proline ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Water ; metabolism

Under different red (R):blue (B) photon flux ratios, the growth performance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is significantly different. Rapeseed under high R ratios shows shade response, while under high B ratios it shows sun-type morphology. Rapeseed under monochromatic red or blue light is seriously stressed. Transcriptomic and proteomic methods were used to analyze the metabolic pathway change of rapeseed (cv. "Zhongshuang 11") leaves under different R:B photon flux ratios (including 100R:0B%, 75R:25B%, 25R:75B%, and 0R:100B%), based on digital gene expression (DGE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). For DGE analysis, 2054 differentially expressed transcripts (|log₂(fold change)|≥1, q<0.005) were detected among the treatments. High R ratios (100R:0B% and 75R:25B%) enhanced the expression of cellular structural components, mainly the cell wall and cell membrane. These components participated in plant epidermis development and anatomical structure morphogenesis. This might be related to the shade response induced by red light. High B ratios (25R:75B% and 0R:100B%) promoted the expression of chloroplast-related components, which might be involved in the formation of sun-type chloroplast induced by blue light. For 2-DE analysis, 37 protein spots showed more than a 2-fold difference in expression among the treatments. Monochromatic light (ML; 100R:0B% and 0R:100B%) stimulated accumulation of proteins associated with antioxidation, photosystem II (PSII), DNA and ribosome repairs, while compound light (CL; 75R:25B% and 25R:75B%) accelerated accumulation of proteins associated with carbohydrate, nucleic acid, amino acid, vitamin, and xanthophyll metabolisms. These findings can be useful in understanding the response mechanisms of rapeseed leaves to different R:B photon flux ratios.
Brassica napus/radiation effects* ; Brassica rapa/radiation effects* ; Carbon/chemistry* ; Chloroplasts/radiation effects* ; Computational Biology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Light ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Nitrogen/chemistry* ; Photons ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/genetics* ; Plant Leaves/radiation effects* ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Proteome ; Ribosomes ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome