To evaluate the progression of the cataract, we examined the retroillumination and the slit image of the lens by using EAS-1000 Scheimpflug photography in 50 individuals(91 eyes) with senile cataract from September 1990 to January 1996. We analyzed the cataract progression periodically by retroillumination for opacity area(%) change and Scheimpflug photography for density change of at each eyes at the same time. And we examined cataract type progression by aging and medication effect. In the retroillumination image, the monthly increment of opacity areas were 1.24%. In the Scheimpflug photography(slit image), the monthly incerement was 4.23 CCT. Both the opacity area(%) changes and the density changes at each cataract type were faster in the young age group than other age group. Both the opacity area changes and the density changes were slower in the anticataract medication group than non-medication group, but it was statistically insignificant.
Aging ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Photography

Humans ; Mouth ; Photography

The basic requirements for photomicrography of neurosurgery include the following : 1) proper microscope and accessories. 2) good knowledge about the surgical microscope and photographic instrument. 3) proper exposure. 4) sharp focus with adequate depth of field. 5) removal of factors which could cause a bad result. We will discuss about the set up of surgical microscope including photographic instruments and photographic technique.
Neurosurgery ; Photography ; Photomicrography

Humans ; Photography, Dental ; methods

Dentistry ; Photography ; instrumentation

This study was performed to analyze the effects of forces to the alveolar bone by various molar uprighting spring such as helical uprighting spring. T-loop spring, Modified T-loop spring and open coil spring. The simplified two-dimensional photoelastic model was constructed with a lower left posterior quadrant containing the second molar, the first and second premolars and the canine, with the first molar missing. Several molar up righting springs were fabricated from 0.017 by 0.022 inch blue Elgiloy and applied to the photoelastic model. Two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis was performed, and the stress distribution was recorded by photography. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In all the kinds of the springs, the center of rotation of the mandibular second molar was observed at the apical 1/5-1/6 between the alveolar crest and the root apex. 2. In all the kinds of the spring, the stress induced in the mesial root surface of the mandibular second molar was relatively homogeneous but there was some difference in the magnitude of the stress. 3. In the kinds of the springs, the distal crown tipping moment of the second molar was increased in turn as open coil spring, helical uprighting spring, T-loop spring, and modified T-loop spring. 4. The largest extrusive force was occured in the T-loop spring, intrusive force was occured in Modified T-loop spring only, and the largest distal tipping force was occured in open coil spring. 5. In the T-loop spring with activation, the stress induced in the mesial root surface of the second molar was increased gradually from the root apex to the alveolar crest and highly concentrated in the alveolar crest.
Bicuspid ; Crowns ; Molar* ; Photography

Dental Implantation ; Humans ; Photography ; methods

Nowadays, clinical digital photography is very prevalent, though the pitfalls, problems, and standardizing works of its techniques have not yet been discussed well enough in Korea. Digital single lens reflex cameras and macro capacity lenses are still recommended for plastic surgeons for its reproducibility and high quality of developed photographs. Since the selection of digital camera itself is as important as the choice of the film in film cameras, the selected digital equipments should not be exchanged in a center or a clinic. Eighteen percents gray card(Eastman Kodak) could be used for the strict setting of the white balance as the white balance is essential in digital imaging. Studio flash lighting is good enough in clinical digital photographing settings and, soft, even lighting effect should be achieved using flash accessories (e. g. bouncer) minimizing loss of details. Taken images could be optimized through the software working (image processing) after the monitor color balancing work. They must be always developed or printed under the uniform setup status of the whole equipments to get accurate, constant pictures.
Korea ; Photography* ; Reflex ; Surgery, Plastic*

PURPOSE: To compare pupil-size determination using a digital camera with the Rosenbaum-pupil-comparison and the millimeter-ruler methods. METHODS: The pupil size of 30 eyes of 15 medical students with a mean age of 27 years was measured by two examiners using a digital camera, Rosenbaum pupil comparison, and direct millimeter rule. Both examiners determined the mean pupil sizes for bright, dim, and dark settings. RESULTS: The mean pupil size as measured by both examiners at bright and dim light conditions was 5.6 mm (range 4.5 to 7.5) and 6.3 mm (range 4.5 to 8.0) respectively. The mean measurement for both examiners for dark is 7.0 (range 6.5 to 7.5). Only the digital camera was able to measure in dark setting with mean of 7.0 mm (range 6.5 to 7.5) for both examiners. Inter-examiner difference was lowest for the digital photography in all simulated settings. CONCLUSION: The use of digital camera in determining pupil size was comparable to Rosenbaum chart and direct millimeter rule with lower inter-examiner differences.
Human ; Adult ; EYE ; PUPIL ; PHOTOGRAPHY

Humans ; Photography, Dental ; methods ; standards