Leiomyoblastoma is uncommon and has been known as a neoplasm of smooth muscle origin. However, with recent pragress in immunohistochemical staining techniques, many clinicopathological discrepancies have been pointed out about the origin of leiomyoblastoma. We present here a case of gastric leiomyoblastoma did not expressed desmin and neuron specific enolase, and was thought to be of unknown derivation.
Desmin ; Leiomyoma, Epithelioid* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

Leiomyoblastoma is uncommon and has been known as a neoplasm of smooth muscle origin. However, with recent pragress in immunohistochemical staining techniques, many clinicopathological discrepancies have been pointed out about the origin of leiomyoblastoma. We present here a case of gastric leiomyoblastoma did not expressed desmin and neuron specific enolase, and was thought to be of unknown derivation.
Desmin ; Leiomyoma, Epithelioid* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

A case of peripheral neuroblastoma of a 33-year-old male, which was located on the left buttock, is presented. Histologcally, this tumor demonstrated smaliound cell infiltrations which were arranged in a characteristic rosette pattern and the tumor cells were positively stained with neuron specific enolase. We review the clinical, histopathological ultrastructural and immunohisto chemical characteristics of this rare tumor, as well as the differential diagnosis with other small round cell tumors.
Adult ; Buttocks ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroblastoma* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

Since granular cell tumor was first described by Abrikossoff in 1926, it has been known as a rare disease. The histogenesis of this tumor is still controversial, but the origin is thought to be from a Schwann cell. About one third of the tumors occur in the tongue, and uncommonly in the perianal region. We report a case of granular cell tumor that developed in the perianal region. The tumor grew slowly for 5 years and was removed by a local excision. This tumor showed positive staining with neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
Granular Cell Tumor* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Rare Diseases ; Tongue

PURPOSE: To determine the role of zinc in febrile convulsion and to evaluate whether febrile convulsion causes neuronal damage, serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), zinc and CSF neuron-specific enolase(NSE) levels were measured in patients with febrile convulsion, epilepsy and aseptic meningitis. METHODS: Three groups were formed as follows: group I:53 children with febrile convulsion; group II:34 children with epilepsy; and group III, 40 children with aseptic meningitis. Serum and CSF zinc and CSF NSE levels were measured in each groups. RESULTS: The serum zinc levels of groups I, II and III had a mean of 74.71+/-18.26 microgram/dL, 104.35+/-31.43 microgram/dL and 87.03+/-24.47 microgram/dL, respectively, and the values of group I were significantly lower than those of the other two groups. The CSF zinc levels of groups I, II and III were found to have a mean 27.72+/-17.93 microgram/dL, 44.73+/-26.72 microgram/dL and 54.44+/-28.43 microgram/dL, respectively. In group I, the CSF zinc levels were significantly lower than those of other two groups. The CSF NSE levels of groups I, II and III had a mean of 11.61+/-2.96 ng/mL, 16.51+/-5.46 ng/mL and 14.60+/-3.02 ng/mL respectively and the values of group I were significantly lower than those of others. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that low zinc levels in serum and CSF are participants in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsion, but we could not find out the evidence of neurologic damage in patients with febrile convulsion using NSE levels in CSF.
Child ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Neurons ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase* ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Zinc*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine that the assessment of serum neuron specific enolase(NSE) could provide a reliable early predictor of neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. METHODS: Prospective, observational study was performed from April 1996 to March 1998 at a university teaching hospital ED. Serum NSE concentrations were analysed twice at 24 and 48 hours after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC). Neurologic outcome was categorized using cerebral performance category(CPC). RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients(16 were men) were enrolled during the study period. The mean age was 50.8 years. Nine(31%) of them showed good outcome defied as CPC 1-3, and 20(69%) patients showed bad outcome defied as CPC 4-5. In the good outcome group, the serum NSE was revealed 33.8+/-9.3 ng/ml at 24 hours, 34.0+/-4.73 ng/ml at 48 hours. While in the bad outcome group, it was 99.5+/-11.7 ng/ml and 114.6+/-15.8 ng/ml. The NSE at 48hr after ROSC was more prescise than that of 24hr. When the cutoff value of 50 ng/ml at 48 hr, the sensitivity was 82%, and specificity was 93%. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that the serum NSE may represent a valuable, noninvasive, and useful clinical tool for prediction of neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.
Heart Arrest* ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Neurons* ; Observational Study ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase* ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Neuron-specific enolase(NSE) has been established as a reliable marker of neuronal damage in various neurologic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether febrile seizure cause brain damage, based on the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of NSE. METHODS: Twenty-one pateints were enrolled. The maximal seizure duration was 90 mins. Blood and CSF samples for the measurement of NSE were obtained immediately after the seizure. NSE was measured using an immunoradiometric assay(IRMA). RESULTS: The CSF NSE level of the febrile seizure group was 11.7+/-2.04 ng/mL and that of the control group was 11.3+/-5.7 ng/mL. The serum NSE level of the febrile seizure group was higher than the serum NSE level of the control group, but there was no significant correlation. The serum NSE level of the febrile seizure group was 19.0+/-7.5 ng/mL and that of the control group was 12.8+/-5.1 ng/mL. The serum NSE level of the febrile seizure group was significantly higher than the serum NSE level of the control group. The CSF/serum ratio of NSE in the febrile seizure group was 0.7+/-0.3 and that of the control group was 1.0+/-0.5. The CSF/serum ratio of NSE in the febrile seizure group was lower than the CSF/serum ratio of NSE in the control group and there was a significant correlation. There was no significant correlation between seizure duration, serum NSE, CSF NSE, and the ratio of the CSF to the serum level of NSE. CONCLUSION: Children with febrile seizure are at relatively low risk for neuronal damage following seizures.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurons ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase* ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

PURPOSE: Neuron-specific enolase(NSE) has been established as a reliable marker of neuronal damage in various neurologic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether febrile seizure cause brain damage, based on the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of NSE. METHODS: Twenty-one pateints were enrolled. The maximal seizure duration was 90 mins. Blood and CSF samples for the measurement of NSE were obtained immediately after the seizure. NSE was measured using an immunoradiometric assay(IRMA). RESULTS: The CSF NSE level of the febrile seizure group was 11.7+/-2.04 ng/mL and that of the control group was 11.3+/-5.7 ng/mL. The serum NSE level of the febrile seizure group was higher than the serum NSE level of the control group, but there was no significant correlation. The serum NSE level of the febrile seizure group was 19.0+/-7.5 ng/mL and that of the control group was 12.8+/-5.1 ng/mL. The serum NSE level of the febrile seizure group was significantly higher than the serum NSE level of the control group. The CSF/serum ratio of NSE in the febrile seizure group was 0.7+/-0.3 and that of the control group was 1.0+/-0.5. The CSF/serum ratio of NSE in the febrile seizure group was lower than the CSF/serum ratio of NSE in the control group and there was a significant correlation. There was no significant correlation between seizure duration, serum NSE, CSF NSE, and the ratio of the CSF to the serum level of NSE. CONCLUSION: Children with febrile seizure are at relatively low risk for neuronal damage following seizures.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurons ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase* ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) can be divided into neural type with S-100 reactivity and non-neural type without that. The latter has not been widely recognized and there are only fewer reports available when compared to conventional GCT. A 65-year-old man was presented with the presence of a painless mass on his back. The mass had developed into a small nodule on the scar developed because of previous surgery carried out 2 years ago. The tumor consisted of large, polygonal cells comprising of an enormous number of faintly eosinophilic small granules in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic granules were stained positively for periodic acid-Schiff stain. Immunohistochemical stains for S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase were found to be negative. Herein, we report the appearance of a very rare case of non neural GCT developed on the surgical scar in support with relevant literature reviews.
Aged ; Cicatrix ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Eosinophils ; Granular Cell Tumor ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; S100 Proteins

The presence and distribution of pan-neuroendocrine markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin (CG), and synaptophysin (SYP) were investigated by immunohistochemistry in 15 cases of neuroblastic tumors, including four cases of neuroblastomas, six cases of ganglioneuroblastomas, and five cases of ganglioneuromas. Three cases of normal sympathetic ganglion were used for the normal control group. NSE was observed in all cases and both in ganglion cells and in neuropils. NSE was detected not only in the majority of the neuroblasts showing signs of differentiation, but also in some poorly differentiated neuroblasts. All cases of neuroblastic tumors were positive for CG, however, some variability of staining intensity and distribution patterns were noted. CG was found mainly in differentiated neuroblasts with enlarged cytoplasm and nuclei along the periphery of the perikaria, and was also found in the perinuclear regions of some undifferentiated cells. SYP was positive in 9 of 11 cases. In all of the 9 cases, SYP was detected in some differentiating neuroblasts and differentiated neuroblasts, as well as the mature ganglion cells. However, it has scarcely stained in dot or granular pattern. Two CG-negative tumors were also negative for SYP. Our data indicate that antibodies against NSE and CG are helpful as a diagnostic aid for neuroblastic tumors.
Antibodies ; Cytoplasm ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ganglioneuroblastoma ; Ganglioneuroma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons* ; Neuropil ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase* ; Synaptophysin*