Adult ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; blood ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidic Acids ; immunology ; Phosphatidylcholines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylinositols ; immunology ; Phosphatidylserines ; immunology ; Reference Values

A lipidomic study on extensive plasma lipids in bacterial peritonitis (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP)-induced sepsis in mice was done at 24 h post-CLP. The effects of administration of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), compounds known to have beneficial effects in CLP, on the sepsis-induced plasma lipid changes were also examined. Among the 147 plasma lipid species from 13 lipid subgroups (fatty acid [FA], LPA, LPC, lysophosphatidylethanolamine [LPE], phosphatidic acid [PA], phosphatidylcholine [PC], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], phosphatidylinositol [PI], monoacylglyceride [MG], diacylglyceride [DG], triacylglyceride [TG], sphingomyelin [SM], and ceramide [Cer]) analyzed in this study, 40 and 70 species were increased, and decreased, respectively, in the CLP mice. Treatments with LPC and LPA affected 14 species from 7 subgroups, and 25 species from 9 subgroups, respectively. These results could contribute to finding the much needed reliable biomarkers of sepsis.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Ligation ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; Mice* ; Peritonitis ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Plasma* ; Punctures ; Sepsis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chronic sinusitis on components of the phospholipid of nasopharyngeal surfactant, and to study biochemical component of phospholipid of surface active substance. METHOD: The concentrations of surfactant in nasopharyngeal irrigating fluid were implemented in normal controls and patients with chronic sinusitis. Components of phospholipid such as Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingophospholipid were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatograph. RESULT: Results showed as follows (1) There was surfactant in nasopharynx. 4 compositions of phospholipid could be measured. (2) Compared with controls, Phosphatidylserine signficantly decreased in patients with chronic sinusitis (P < 0.05). (3) Only Phosphatidylserine signficantly decreased between sinusitis III stages and controls (P < 0.05). The rests had no signficant difference between chronic sinusitis' stages and controls, and among stages. But as the chronic sinusitis' stages proceeded, proportion of Phosphatidylserine may decreased. CONCLUSION (1) There is surfactant in nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal surfactant is made of Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingophospholipid. The proportion of Phosphatidylcholine shows most, and determines biochemical effect of nasopharyngeal surfactant. (2) chronic sinusitis may cause decrease of some components of nasopharyngeal surfactant. (3) As the chronic sinusitis' stages proceed, the proportion of some phospholipids progressively decrease. Which, above assessed, may cause the change of surfactant in eustachian tube, and cause dysfunction of middle ear and eustachian tube.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Lavage ; Nasopharynx ; chemistry ; Phosphatidylcholines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylserines ; analysis ; Phospholipids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Sinusitis ; physiopathology ; Surface-Active Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Phospholipase D (PLD) is a widely distributed enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine, a major phospholipids in the cell membrane, to form phosphatidic acid (PA) which acts by itself as a cellular messenger. PLD can also be transformed by PA phosphohydrolase into diacylglycerol (DAG), which is essential for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PLD has been shown to induce the proliferation of T cells and to activate by Der p 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic dermatitis. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has recently served as a key marker to discover the genetic mechanism of special chronic diseases. METHODS: One hundred eighteen children with atopic dermatitis were recruited, and graded as 23 mild (<25), 48 moderate (25-50) and 47 severe (>50) by measuring SCORAD index. Genomic DNA were purified from blood and made into PCR primers attaching GC-Clamp, and 26 exons of PLD were amplified by PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). RESULTS: Polymorphism was found in four subjects. Of them, three PLD1 cSNP (Exon23: G2658A, T2664A, G2684A) were detected in exon 23 of 26 exons of PLD1. Four cases among 118 subjects had cSNP of G2658A (3.4%), two T2664A cases (1.7%), one G2684A case (0.8%). There were no significant correlations between IgE and detected cSNP. CONCLUSION: Three PLD1 gene cSNPs (G2658A, T2664A, G2684A) were detected in the blood of children with atopic dermatitis. Among them, G2658A polymorphism seems to be correlated to the serum IgE level, but PLD1 cSNP does not appear to contribute to the pathogenic processing of atopic dermatitis.
Cell Membrane ; Child* ; Chronic Disease ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; DNA ; Exons ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipase D ; Phospholipases* ; Phospholipids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Kinase C ; T-Lymphocytes

Phospholipids are key components of cellular membrane and signaling. Among cellular phospholipids, phosphoinositides, phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol are important as a participant in essential metabolic processes in animals. However, due to its low abundance in cells and tissues, it is difficult to identify the composition of phosphoinositides. Recent advances in mass spectrometric techniques, combined with established separation methods, have allowed the rapid and sensitive detection and quantification of a variety of lipid species including phosphoinositides. In this mini review, we briefly introduce progress in profiling of cellular phosphoinositides using mass spectrometry. We also summarize current progress of matrices development for the analysis of cellular phospholipids using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The phosphoinositides profiling and phospholipids imaging will help us to understand how they function in a biological system and will provide a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanism of diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The investigation of cellular phospholipids including phosphoinositides using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry will suggest new insights on human diseases, and on clinical application through drug development of lipid related diseases.
Animals ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Membranes* ; Phospholipids*

Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Cholesterol* ; Membranes* ; Phospholipids*

BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
Animals ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Minoxidil ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids* ; Skin

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of volatile oil of amomum (VOA) on the expressions of mastocarcinoma-related peptide (PS2) and platelet activating factor (PAF) in helicobacter pyloriassociated gastritis (HPG) and to analyze its potential mechanism.

METHODSEighty patients with HPG were randomly assigned to two groups, 42 patients in the treated group treated with 0.5 mL VOA, thrice per day; and the 38 patients in the control group receiving Western tertiary medicinal treatment. Gastroscopic picture and helicobacter pylori (HP) infection (by quick urease and Warthin-Starry stain) of the gastro-membrane, expressions of PS2 and PAF (by immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting) as well as the contents of aminohexose and phospholipid (by Neuhaus method) in the gastric membrane of all patients were detected before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. The clinical efficacy in the two groups was compared.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treated group was 88.1%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (78.9%, P<0.05). After treatment, in the treated group, gastric membranous contents of aminohexose and phospholipid was increased, expression of PS2 elevated but that of PAF lowered, all showing significant difference as compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). In the control group, the expressions of PS2 and PAF changed insignificantly. The radical eliminating rate of HP in the treated group and the control group was insignificantly different between them (76.1% vs. 65.8%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of VOA for anti-gastritis might be related with its action in increasing the expression of PS2 and decreasing the expression of PAF, and thus regulating the hydrophobicity of the gastric membrane.

Adult ; Aged ; Amomum ; Blotting, Western ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; chemistry ; Gastritis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oils, Volatile ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Peptides ; analysis ; Phospholipids ; analysis ; Platelet Activating Factor ; analysis

The effects of membrane surface charge originated from lipid head groups on ion channels were tested by analyzing the activity of single large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (maxi K) channel from rat skeletal muscle. The conductances and open-state probability (Po) of single maxi K channels were compared in three types of planar lipid bilayers formed from a neutral phosphatidyledianolamine (PE) or two negatively-charged phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Under symmetrical KCl concentrations (3 apprx 1,000 mM), single channel conductances of maxi K channels in charged membranes were 1.1 apprx 1.7 times larger than those in PE membranes, and the differences were more pronounced at the lower ionic strength. The average slope conductances at 100 mM KCl were 251 +/- 9.9, 360 +/- 8.7 and 356 +/- 12.4 (mean +/- SEM) pS in PE, PS and PI membranes respectively. The potentials at which Po was 1/2, appeared to have shifted left by 40 mV along voltage axis in the membranes formed with PS or PI. Such shift was consistently seen at pCa 5, 4.5, 4 and 3.5. Estimation of the effect of surface charge from these data indicated that maxi K channels sensed the surface potentials at a distance of 8 apprx 9 ANG from the membrane surface. In addition, similar insulation distance (7 apprx 9 ANG) of channel mouth from the bilayer surface charge was predicted by a 3-barrier-2-site model of energy profile for the permeation of K+ ions. In conclusion, despite the differences in structure and fluidity of phospholipids in bilayers, the activities of maxi K channels in two charged membranes composed of PS or PI were strikingly similar and larger than those in bilayers of PE. These results suggest that the enhancement of conductance and Po of maxi channels is mostly due to negative charges in the phospholipid head groups.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Head ; Ion Channels ; Ions ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membranes* ; Mouth ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Osmolar Concentration ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Phospholipids ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated* ; Rats