To realize the simultaneous fermentation of xylose and glucose, ptsG (one of the glucose-PTS genes) was deleted from the engineered ethanologenic Escherichia coli SZ470 (deltapflB, deltafrdABCD, deltaackA, deltaldhA), resulting in loss of glucose effect in the mutant SZ470P (deltaptsG). When tested in 5% mixture of glucose (2.5%) and xylose (2.5%), SZ470P simultaneously used glucose (13 g/L) and xylose (20 g/L) whereas the parent strain SZ470 sequentially used glucose (25 g/L) then xylose (5 g/L). Upon completion of the fermentation, both strains achieved similar product yield of 89%. SZ470P produced 15.01 g/L of ethanol, which was 14.32% higher than that produced by SZ470 (12.86 g/L). Deleting ptsG gene enabled the mutant strain SZ470P to simultaneously use both glucose and xylose and achieve better ethanol production.
Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ; genetics ; Xylose ; chemistry

We constructed several recombinant Escherichia coli strains to transform phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS system) and compared the characteristics of growth and metabolism of the mutants. We knocked-out the key genes ptsI and ptsG in PTS system by using Red homologous recombination in E. coli and meanwhile we also knocked-in the glucose facilitator gene glf from Zymomonas mobilis in the E. coli chromosome. Recombinant E. coli strains were constructed and the effects of cell growth, glucose consumption and acetic acid accumulation were also evaluated in all recombinant strains. The deletion of gene ptsG and ptsI inactivated some PTS system functions and inhibited the growth ability of the cell. Expressing the gene glf can help recombinant E. coli strains re-absorb the glucose through Glf-Glk (glucose facilitator-glucokinase) pathway as it can use ATP to phosphorylate glucose and transport into cell. This pathway can improve the availability of glucose and also reduce the accumulation of acetic acid; it can also broaden the carbon flux in the metabolism pathway.
Biological Transport ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ; genetics ; Zymomonas ; genetics

In Bacillus subtilis , raising the amount of carbon catabolite in vivo would lead to carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and restrain the absorption of glucose. By deleting CcpA the CCR effect could be relieved, but the absorption of glucose remains restrained. The phosphoenol-pyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) is the main glucose transportation system in B. subtilis. HPr protein together with HprK/P participate in the glucose transportation. The HPr protein is phosphorylated at His-15 forming HPr-His-15-P transferring phosphate group from HPr to E II . While HprK/P phosphorylate HPr at Ser-46 forming HPr-Ser-46-P. HPr-Ser-46-P cannot participate in the transportation of glucose. The Knockout of ccpA gene increases the amount of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate(FBP) in vivo. And FBP could activate HPr kinase. So when CcpA is deleted, most part of the HPr will be phosphorylated at Ser-46. Absorpton of glucose is blocked. In this study, by disruption of hprk gene, the obtained B. subtilisZHc/pMX45 reaches the peak riboflavin production of 4.374mg/mL at the optimum glucose concentration of 10%, 19.2% higher than that of B. subtilis24 A1/pMX45 at the optimum glucose concentration of 8%.
Bacillus subtilis ; metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ; genetics ; physiology ; Riboflavin ; metabolism ; Sucrose ; metabolism

Metabolic engineering provide powerful tools for the systematic manipulation of cellular metabolic activities. The ptsG gene for glucose-specific transporter Enzyme II CBGlc of the phosphotransferase system was knock-out so as to reduce the accumulation of acetic acid in the high cell-density culture of Escherichia coli on excess glucose. The chloramphenicol-resistant cassette with short shared sequences on both ends generated by PCR was electroporated into Escherichia coli DH5alpha and JM109. Recombination between linear DNA cassettes and Escherichia coli chromosomes took place by Red recombinase functions. Therefore, the ptsG gene was disrupted to construct the mutants called DH5alphaP and JM109P. There was no difference between the mutants and parent strains in LB media.However, in LB media supplemented with glucose, the mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in ptsG showed greater biomass, together with exploiting more glucose. The maximal cell density obtained with DH5alphaP was approximately 3 times more than that of DH5alpha, then the result of JM109P increased fourfold. The products of recombinant protein TNF respectively accounted for 24.3% of total cellular protein in DH5alphaP with A600 8.28 and 20.8% of total cellular protein in JM109P with A600 7.62. The specific volume expression amount of TNF was greater in the ptsG mutant than in its parent strain. These results demonstrate that the ptsG-mutant strains will be available for high cell-density culture.
Culture Media ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; growth & development ; Fermentation ; Mutation ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis