No abstract available.
Deoxycholic Acid* ; Phosphatidylcholines* ; Prurigo*

No abstract available.
Phosphatidylcholines* ; Phospholipases A2* ; Phospholipases*

BACKGROUND: Lipomas are benign neoplasms composed of mature fat cells. Current treatments are invasive and carry the risk of scarring. For this reason, phosphatidylcholine (PPC) formula has been widely used to treat areas of localized fat accumulation. However, there are few reports on injection lipolysis with injection of PPC formula. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether injection lipolysis with PPC formula is an effective therapeutic option for patients with lipoma. METHODS: Twenty-two lipomas in 7 patients were included. Three sessions at intervals of 6 to 8 weeks were done. Sonographic measurements of lipoma size were repeated before each session. Any side-effects and the patients' satisfaction were noted. In one lipoma, histological changes after lipolysis were described. RESULTS: After three sessions, a significant reduction in lipoma size of 47.4% was achieved. Histology showed a fibrosis with loss of adipocytes. Inflammation occurred in one case, so the patient was excluded from this study. Transient burning sensation and swelling at the injection site were the most common adverse effects. No severe side-effects or systemic reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: Treatment of lipoma with PPC formula has the potential to be a patient-friendly and well-tolerated therapy that can achieve cosmetically pleasing treatment outcomes.
Adipocytes ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipolysis ; Lipoma ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Sensation

The authers investigated the effct of liposome encapsulation on the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin after subconjuctival in jnjection in rabbits. Tobramycin was encapsulated into neutral liposomes of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. The final liposomal suspension contained tobramycin, 5mg/ml. One of the each rabbit received a subconjunctival injection(2.5mg/0.5ml) of liposome-encapsulated tobramycin or tobramycin alone. Tobramycin levels in the sclera measured 3 and 24 hours after injection were marked higher with the liposome-encapsulated drug than with the another preperation. The difference between liposomeencapsulated drug and the another preperation was not significant for cornea.
Cholesterol ; Cornea* ; Liposomes ; Pharmacokinetics ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Rabbits* ; Sclera* ; Tobramycin*

This study investigated the effects of the methanol extracts of Morinda citrifolia containing numerous anthraquinone and iridoid on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isozyme. PLA2 activity was measured using various PLA2 substrates, including 10-pyrene phosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine ([14C]AA-PC), and [3H]arachidonic acid (AA). The methanol extracts suppressed melittin-induced [3H]AA release in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells, and inhibited cPLA2/sPLA2-induced hydrolysis of [14C]AA-PC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. A Dixon plot showed that the inhibition by methanol extracts on cPLA2 and sPLA2 appeared to be competitive with inhibition constants (Ki ) of 3.7microgram/ml and 12.6microgram/ml, respectively. These data suggest that methanol extracts of Morinda citrifolia inhibits both Ca2+-dependent PLA2 such as, cPLA2 and sPLA2. Therefore, Morinda citrifolia may possess anti-inflammatory activity secondary to Ca2+-dependent PLA2 inhibition.
Arachidonic Acid ; Cytosol ; Hydrolysis ; Methanol ; Morinda ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipases ; Phospholipases A2

Choline is an essential nutrient that plays an integral role in all stages of the life cycle, with increasing interest in the relationship between choline and neurodevelopment. Choline is a major component in the synthesis of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingolipids, and is an essential nutrient for methyl metabolism, acetylcholine synthesis and cell signaling. Choline plays an important role in neurogenesis and neural migration during fetal development, potentially influencing the development and prognosis of neurological disorders, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. This article reviews the source and metabolism of choline, the effects and mechanism of choline on neurodevelopment and central nervous system related disorders.
Humans ; Choline/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism* ; Central Nervous System/metabolism*

BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
Animals ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Minoxidil ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids* ; Skin

Hemin blocked lipid peroxidations induced by either ascorbate/FeSO4, a metal-catalyzed oxidation system, or 2,2'-azobis-2-amidino-propane hydrochloride (ABAP) which produces peroxy radicals at constant rates. Hemin at very low micromolar concentrations strongly inhibited the ascorbate/FeSO4-induced peroxidation of rat liver phopholipids, soybean phosphatidylcholine and arachidonic acid, and this inhibition was also evident with the use of ABAP, although much higher concentrations of hemin were required than those for the inhibition of ascorbate/FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation. However, hemoproteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin and cytochrome C did not show any significant effect on this lipid peroxidation. Hemopexin and albumin abolished the inhibitory action of hemin. During incubation with ascorbate/FeSO4 or ABAP, hemin underwent a change in its absorption spectrum, resulting in a progressive decrease in the peak height of the characteristic absorption band at 385 nm. The above results suggest that hemin may act as an important antioxidant in vivo, protecting lipids from the peroxidative damage.
Absorption ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Cytochromes c ; Hemin* ; Hemopexin ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Liver ; Myoglobin ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Rats ; Soybeans

The impact of metal ions on the phase behavior of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was investigated at the air/water interface by surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherm measurements. The analysis of the pi-A isotherms showed that with the metal ionic radius decreasing, the concentration of the metal ions C increasing, and the valence of metal ions Q increasing, the amount of the corresponding curves of A0 decreases, the phase transition point would change more apparently, the collapse pressure would become larger subsequently, and the curve would be extended outside. The phenomenon could be approached when the metal ion concentration C became great enough. These experiments were identified with the rules on Langmuir films, by a variety of properties of metal ions (ion radius, ion concentration, ion valence, etc.). Among all the factors, the ionic valence showed the greatest impact on the phase changes, followed by the ion concentration, while the ionic radius influences were less on the phase-change characteristics.
Air ; Ions ; chemistry ; Membranes, Artificial ; Metals ; chemistry ; Phase Transition ; Phosphatidylcholines ; chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Water ; chemistry

This study aimed to evaluate the rheological characteristic of W/O microemulsion. Using the Low Shear-30 Sinus Rheometer, we assessed the effects of water percentage in microemulsion on the apparent viscosity of microemulsion at different shear rates and temperature, and on the viscoelasticity of microemulsion. The results demonstrated that with the increase of water, the apparent viscosities at four different shear rates increased exponentially. The fitted curve between water percentage and the apparent viscosity (eta) at low shear rate was steeper than the others. We found that viscous component (eta') and elastic component (eta") also increased exponentially when water percentage was increasing. This communication addressed the relationship between water percentage and eta, and discussed the physical meaning of the elastic component. The results suggest that both the viscous component and the elastic component present qualitatively physical nature, but the viscous component is more accurate than the other.
Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Phosphatidylcholines ; chemistry ; Rheology ; Shear Strength ; Viscosity