Due to limited availability of autologous blood vessels (blood vessels from the same recipient used for vascular transplantation materials) and inadequate growth ability of non-autologous blood vessels (artificial blood vessel transplantation materials), more and more attention has been paid to tissue engineering blood vessels. In this study, we constructed an ammonium phosphate zwitterion modified acellular vascular scaffold with highly biocompatible bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells as the inner layer of a new vascular transplantation material. The vascular acellular scaffolds were modified by a simple method-co-precipitation method. The platelet adhesion test, hemolysis test, recalcification test and cytotoxicity of acellular vascular scaffolds in vitro were evaluated. Ammonium phosphate zwitterions modified endothelial progenitor cells on the surface of acellular scaffolds with concave and convex structure on the surface of natural vascular lumen can be effectively promoted by improving anticoagulant activity. Modified acellular scaffolds have similar mechanical properties to natural blood vessels and can effectively construct endothelialization in vitro. The results of this study provide a preliminary exploration for the modification of vascular acellular scaffolds to achieve anti-thrombosis and endothelialization in vitro.
Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Humans ; Phosphates ; Thrombosis ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; blood ; complications ; Neoplasms ; blood ; complications ; Osteomalacia ; blood ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery ; Phosphates ; blood

In this abstract we report a case of Albright's syndrome associated with hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperthyroidism in a six-year-old girl. She had suffered from repeated fractures of her long bones owing to multiple locations of radiolucent areas and generalized skeletal demineralization. The biopsy in the lucent area revealed histologic appearance of fibrous dysplasia.
Child ; Female ; Femoral Fractures/etiology ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/*complications ; Human ; Hyperthyroidism/*complications ; Phosphates/*blood ; Rickets/*complications

PURPOSE: Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether measurement of intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) level in thyroidectomy patients could predict hypocalcemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Serum concentration of i-PTH, total calcium (Ca), ionized calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg), and albumin were measured preoperatively and at 0 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: 108 patients were recruited to the study. A total of 50 patients (46%) experienced hypocalcemia. The serum i-PTH concentration was linearly related to the time of measurement, while concentrations of P, Mg, albumin, Ca, and Ca2+ were not. We compared odds ratios, and found that the concentration of i-PTH at 6 hours post operation was the most closely related to the occurrence of hypocalcemic symptom. On ROC analysis using i-PTH level at 6 hours, an i-PTH level of 10.6 mg/dL was found to maximize both sensitivity and specificity at the same time point. CONCLUSION: We found that i-PTH was a predictor of hypocalcemia, and that the earliest predictor of hypocalcemic symptoms was an i-PTH concentration lower than 10.6 mg/dL obtained 6 hours after total thyroidectomy.
Calcium/blood ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/*diagnosis ; Magnesium/blood ; Odds Ratio ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Postoperative Complications/blood/*diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; Thyroidectomy/*adverse effects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Single full-dose oral sodium phosphate (NaP) on the examination day instead of a conventional divided-dose has been used in some patients to reduce burdens and sleep disturbance caused by bowel movement. However, this treatment may be inconvenient to some patients who are adversely affected by the full dose or its-related symptoms. This study compared the quality of bowel preparation, side effects, and patient's acceptance after a full-dose of NaP into the duodenum under an endoscopic examination and with those from conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG). METHODS: A total of 60 admitted patients receiving both endoscopy and colonoscopy each day were divided randomly into two groups and given either PEG 4 L (n=33) or an endoscopic infusion of NaP 90 mL (n=27). Before and after the bowel preparation and 1 day later, the blood pressure, body weight, and serum biochemical parameters were measured. In addition, a detailed questionnaire was used to assess the patient's side effects. The quality of bowel cleansing was assessed by a single endoscopist who was blinded to the type of preparation used. RESULTS: Although changes in the serum biochemical parameters (phosphate: increase, potassium: decrease) were observed in the NaP group, all were normalized after 1 day without side effects. There were significant difference in symptoms after the preparation, such as vomiting, but this was not serious. The suction volume was significantly lower in the NaP group. CONCLUSIONS: A duodenal infusion of NaP might be used as a new bowel cleansing method in patients having trouble with other procedures.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Colonoscopy ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Phosphates ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium ; Suction ; Vomiting ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Fresh platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel has been reported to have anti-bacterial properties. We evaluated the anti-bacterial effects of liquid type activated PRP (tAPRP) using thrombin and heparin treatment after a freezing-thawing (F-T) procedure, using a disk diffusion method. METHODS: PRP and platelet poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from CPDA-1 anticoagulated blood received from 20 donors. PRP was concentrated to 8 times the base platelet counts of donors for the first trial and to 11 times the base platelet counts of donors for the second trial. Both F-T PRP and F-T PPP were divided into a nonactivated group and an activated (tA) group, which was then treated with bovine thrombin and CaCl2, and heparin was added to prevent gel formation. The anti-bacterial effects of F-T PRP, F-T PPP, F-T tAPRP with heparin and F-T tAPPP with heparin on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were evaluated using a disk-diffusion and direct dropping method. All experiments were duplicated. RESULTS: The inhibited diameters resulting for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, using the disk-diffusion and direct dropping method, were zero for all 20 sets of results for F-T PRP, F-T PPP, F-T tAPRP with heparin and F-T tAPPP with heparin. CONCLUSION: No anti-bacterial effects were detected for S. aureus or P. aeruginosa in the F-T PRP, F-T PPP, F-T tAPRP with heparin and F-T tAPPP with heparin. This negative result may be due to the F-T treatment and/or because liquid instead of gel form of PRP was used. The use of the disk diffusion method for the determination of anti-bacterial ability of PRP may also be a factor in the negative study results.
Adenine ; Bacteria ; Blood Platelets ; Citrates ; Diffusion ; Glucose ; Heparin ; Humans ; Phosphates ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Thrombin ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) have increased risk of low-turnover bone disease and relative hypoparathyroidism. Recently, it has been believed that magnesium plays an important role in regulating secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum PTH and serum magnesium as a factor increasing the frequency of relative hypoparathyroidism. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 56 patients who had been on CAPD for more than 6 months without any significant problems. No patient had been previously treated with vitamin D or aluminum hydroxide. The patients had used peritoneal dialysate with the magnesium concentration of 0.5 mEq/L. Biochemical parameters, such as BUN, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase bony isoenzyme, total protein, albumin, total calcium, ionized calcium and intact parathyroid hormone level were measured. RESULTS: The mean serum magnesium level was 1.99 +/- 0.36 mEq/L. Among total 56 patients, 15 patients (26.8%) showed hypermagnesemia (serum magnesium > 2.2 mEq/L) and 5 patients (8.9%) showed hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium < 1.6 mEq/L). Among all 56 patients, serum iPTH (intact PTH) level was not correlated with serum magnesium level. However, it was inversely correlated with serum total calcium and ionized calcium levels, respectively (r=-0.365, p=0.006; r=-0.515 p < 0.001). Among 49 patients whose serum iPTH level was less than 300 pg/mL, serum iPTH level was inversely correlated with serum magnesium level (r=-0.295, p=0.039) and inversely correlated with serum total calcium and ionized calcium levels, respectively (r=-0.546, p < 0.001; r=-0.572 p < 0.001). Among 49 patients whose serum iPTH level was less than 300 pg/mL, lower iPTH group (serum iPTH < 120 pg/mL) showed higher serum magnesium level (p=0.037), higher serum total calcium level (p < 0.001) and lower bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase level (p < 0.001) than those of higher iPTH group (120 pg/mL Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Calcium/blood ; Dialysis Solutions ; Female ; Human ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications/therapy ; Magnesium/*blood ; Male ; Middle Age ; Parathyroid Hormones/*blood ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/*adverse effects/methods ; Phosphates/blood ; Renal Osteodystrophy/etiology

BACKGROUNDHypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia is a group of diseases characterised by defective mineralization of bone due to hypophosphatemia and low 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. To explore the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis, we measured the circulating concentrations of this growth factor in healthy individuals and in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.

METHODSNineteen patients with hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia were included in hypophosphatemic group (HP, 12 female and 7 male, mean age was 30 years), and 19 healthy age-matched individuals served as the control group. Full length FGF-23 fragments were measured by two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSMean FGF-23 concentrations were significantly higher in the HP group ((87.4 +/- 43.6) pg/ml) compared with the control group ((19.2 +/- 6.16) pg/ml; P < 0.001). In 1 patient with tumour-induced osteomalacia, serum FGF-23 concentrations were 84.1 pg/ml; these concentrations were normalized 2 hours after a hemangiopericytoma resection (7.8 pg/ml). Subsequently, serum 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D3 concentrations significantly increased from 21.3 pg/ml to 89.3 pg/ml, and serum phosphorus levels were normalized.

CONCLUSIONSSerum FGF-23 concentrations were markedly elevated in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets. FGF-23 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcitriol ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets ; blood ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia ; blood ; Phosphates ; blood ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: We compared body growth, blood cell counts, and chemistry among infants receiving soy-based formula (SF), breast milk (BM), and casein-based formula (CF). METHODS: Full-term neonates delivered at our hospital from June 2001 to August 2003 were recruited and divided into 3 feeding groups (BM=20, SF=19, CF=12) according to the parents wishes. Breast feeding or artificial formulae were given during the initial 3 months of age; thereafter, weaning foods were added freely. Height, weight, head circumference, skin-fold thickness, and mid-arm circumference were measured at birth and 1, 2, 4, 5, 12, and 36 months of age. Cell counts and blood chemistry were analyzed at 5, 12, and 36 months of age. RESULT: At 5 months of age, body weight was the lowest in the SF group; the height was similar among all groups. Thereafter, there were no differences in height or weight among the groups until 36 months of age. Hemoglobin was the lowest in the BM group at 5 and 12 months of age (P<0.05). At 5 months of age, serum cholesterol, BUN, phosphates, and K+ were significantly lower in the SF group; thereafter, all chemical parameters were similar until 36 months of age. CONCLUSION: Infants fed with SF showed normal growth during the first 3 years of life as compared to infants fed with BM and CF. Low values of serum phosphates and K+ at 5 months of age in the SF group, despite the high mineral content, suggest that further investigation is needed for effective mineral absorption.
Absorption ; Blood Cell Count ; Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Cell Count ; Cholesterol ; Head ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Milk, Human ; Parents ; Parturition ; Phosphates ; Soy Milk ; Weaning

Foamy urine is widely regarded as a sign of proteinuria. However, there is no objective definition of foamy urine and there are no reports on the proportion of involved patients who have overt proteinuria or microalbuminuria. We performed this study to investigate this proportion and to identify possible risk factors for these two conditions. We reviewed all new outpatients from 1 November 2011 to 30 April 2012 and identified patients complaining of foamy urine. Their demographic data and medical records were examined. In particular, we tabulated the patients' spot urinary protein to creatinine ratio, spot urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum levels of creatinine (Cr), uric acid, calcium, phosphate, and glucose. In addition, we calculated estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) by using the CKD-EPI equation. We also performed risk factor analysis with the Chi-squared test and by logistic regression. Seventy-two patients (6.3% of total new outpatients) complained of foamy urine; of these, there were 59 males with a median age of 65.5 years (range, 36-87 years). Of the 72 patients, 16 (22.2%) had overt proteinuria. We found that diabetes, poor renal function (high Cr, BUN, low eGFR), increased serum phosphate, and increased serum glucose were associated with overt proteinuria. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum Cr and serum phosphate were associated with overt proteinuria. The ACR was available for 38 patients, and in this subgroup, 12 (31.6%) showed microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria. In this subgroup, a high serum Cr was the only statistically significant risk factor. Among patients who complained of foamy urine, approximately 20% had overt proteinuria, and increased serum Cr and phosphate were statistically significant risk factors.
Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Phosphates ; Proteinuria ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid