In an attempt to investigate the pattern of the urinary acidification process in the Korean, the urinary excretion of phosphate, ammonia, and the titratable acid were measured in 20 medical students (A group) and in 15 psychiatric patients (B group) under regular Korean diets, while the effects of high protein diets on them were studied in 4 subjects. In addition, TmPO4 was also determined in 11 subjects. The urinary excretions of phosphate, titratable acid, and ammonia under regular Korean diets were markedly lower as compared to those of the Europeans. However, there was no difference in the plasma concentration of phosphate between the Korean and the European. Upon administration of high protein diets, the urinary excretions of phosphate and titratable acid increased while the urine pH and the ammonia excretion were little affected. Thus, the correlations between urinary nitrogen and titratable acidity were 0.50 and 0.65, respective1y, showing a linear relationship. However, the correlation between urinary nitrogen and ammonia excretion was slight. The value of TmPO4 ranged from 74 to 355 muM/min with the mean of 193 muM/min, which is considerably higher than that of the European. On the basis of these findings, the overall pattern of the urinary acidification processes in the Korean is discussed.
Acids/*urine ; Adult ; Ammonia/*urine ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dietary Proteins ; Human ; Kidney Function Tests ; Korea ; Male ; Phosphates/*urine ; Protein Deficiency/metabolism

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a face-to-face self-management educational program on knowledge, self-care practice and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before kidney replacement therapy. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. Data were collected from 61 patients with CKD visiting an outpatient department of nephrology in a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The experimental group (n=31) took the pre-test, then after 3 weeks, face-to-face education and individualized consultation (1st intervention), after a week of self-practice, the 1st post-test, followed by re-enforcement education and consultation (2nd intervention), and 4 weeks later, the 2nd post-test. The control group (n=30) took the pre-test and post-tests at 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Scores for knowledge of CKD and self-care practice over time improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Kidney function did not improve significantly in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Health care providers can identify various and individualized needs, and provide effective education and consultation through face to face self-management for patients with chronic irreversible illnesses. Nurses can coordinate for these program by designing and providing systematic and effective education.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium/blood ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Phosphates/blood ; Potassium/urine ; Program Evaluation ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*psychology ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; *Self Care ; Sodium/urine