No abstract available.
Phonation*

Pop singers frequently use breathy voice to express diverse emotion. Such method is the major factor that divides vocalization in pop and classical music. Using breathy voice too much for a long time could make singer short-winded, which might cause the voice injured. In order to prevent the problem, singers need to find resonance balance between high notes and low notes and among vowels. Moreover, they should take more attention when producing resonance in consonants with much air flow. Along with finding resonance balance, if skilled at controlling the volume of voice, singers can use the breathy voice selectively at the desired part, adjusting close quotient freely. Through this kind of approach, pop singers can develope their unique style of vocalization and avoid the vocal damage.
Exercise* ; Methods ; Music ; Phonation* ; Singing* ; Voice

No abstract available.
Phonation* ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Professional singers have a particular "ringing" sound quality during singing, so called singer's formant. Two types of professional singers in Korea that sound very different are classical (pansori) and western style performers. The purpose of this research was to systematically analyze and compare the acoustic sound structure of both the speaking and singing voices of Korean classical singers (pansori). We also investigated the morphologic and vibratory characteristics of vocal folds using videostroboscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 classical singers and 29 western style singers were subjects. The formant frequencies, intensities and singing power ratio was evaluated for clarifying the existence of singing formant. Using laryngeal stroboscopy, the vibratory characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS: The all formant intensities were incraesed in the classical singers, but typical increase of third and fourth formant in the western style singers. The singing power ratio was smaller in the western style singers. Most of classical singers showed abnormal vibratory patterns. CONCLUSION: The western style singers have typical singing formant during singing, but not in the classical singers. Most of classical singers showed abnormal vibratory patterns of vocal folds during phonation, but usually normal vibration in the western style singers.
Acoustics ; Korea ; Music* ; Phonation ; Singing* ; Stroboscopy ; Vibration* ; Vocal Cords* ; Voice

No abstract available.
Humans ; Phonation* ; Spinal Cord*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. RESULTS: Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.
Acoustics ; Curriculum ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Music* ; Phonation ; Singing* ; Vocal Cords* ; Voice*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A voice analysis was carried out before and after thyroid surgeries without laryngeal nerve injury, between strap muscle retraction and cutting group in thyroid surgery. The study was done by means of questionaires, acoustics and aerodynamic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of fourty-two patients of whom thirty-eight are females and four are males were analyzed; hemithyroidectomy (19 cases) and total thyroidectomy (23 cases). Twenty-seven patients had undergone thyroidectomy via retraction of strap muscle and 15 patients had undergone thyroidectomy via cutting of strap muscle. For evaluation of voice, questionaires for changes of voice, acoustics (fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio, voice intensity, vocal range), and aerodynamic (maximal phonation time, mean flow rate and subglottal pressure) analyses were done. RESULTS: The subjective voice symptoms after thyroidectomy were disturbances of high pitch, loud voice and singing voice, and easy fatigue at phonation. These voice symptoms were related to the extent of surgery. Vocal range was the only diminished parameter in acoustic and aerodynamic analyses after thyroidectomy. There were significant differences in jitter on acoustic and aerodynamic analyses between the strap muscle retraction group and the cutting group. CONCLUSION:Voice alteration after thyroidectomy without laryngeal nerve injury may be associated with the disturbance of the extralaryngeal skeleton- laryngotracheal fixation with impairment of vertical movement or by temporal malfunction of the strap muscles. These voice problems were related to the extent of surgery and cutting of strap muscles.
Acoustics ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Nerve Injuries ; Male ; Muscles ; Noise ; Phonation ; Singing ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroidectomy* ; Voice*

OBJECTIVE: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently experience depression associated with voice problems. Singing involves the use of similar muscles and the neural networks associated with vocal function and emotional response. The purpose of this study is to enhance vocal quality and depressive symptoms of patients with PD using individual singing program. METHODS: The Individual Therapeutic Singing Program for PD (ITSP-PD) was conducted by a certified music therapist. In total, nine PD patients with a subjective voice problem or depression participated in 6 sessions over 2 weeks. We measured the Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) via the Praat test, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS: In total, 8 out of 9 patients completed all the sessions; 6 out of 8 patients participated in the follow-up test after 6 months. A statistically significant change in MPT (p = 0.011) was observed between the pre- and post-tests. The VHI (p = 0.035) and the GDS (p = 0.018) were significantly lower in the post-test. In the pre-, post-, and follow-up tests, the MPT (p = 0.030), V-RQOL (p = 0.008), and GDS (p = 0.009) were significantly changed. CONCLUSION: The ITSP-PD based on neurological singing therapy for PD showed therapeutic possibility for vocal function and depression in patients with PD. Our findings suggest the need for a randomized study to examine the continuing positive effects of the ITSP-PD over a longer period of time.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscles ; Music ; Music Therapy ; Parkinson Disease ; Phonation ; Quality of Life ; Singing ; Voice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Voice quality may be an important issue for choosing treatment options of early glottic cancer. It has been reported that voice quality is worse after laser cordectomy compared to that of radiation therapy. But, with developed visualization tools, the precise localization of lesions became possible enabling surgeons to decide the appropriate surgical extent to preserve voice after laser cordectomy. The authors assessed the postoperative voice quality of patients who underwent laser cordectomy according to the classification by the European Laryngological Society. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty patients who were diagnosed with glottic cancer and treated with laser cordectomy between April, 1999 and January, 2006, were evaluated. All the patients were followed-up more than 6 months. Objective evaluations included maximal phonation time, fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio and subjective evaluation was performed by the GRBAS scale. RESULTS: The type II laser cordectomy group and some cases of the type III cordectomy showed no significant differences compared with the normal control group in both objective and subjective evaluations. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the group of laser cordectomy type II and some cases of type III had acceptable results compared to that of the normal control group. Thus, laser cordectomy could be considered as an alternative to radiation therapy in selected patients with early glottic cancer, even when preserving the quality of voice is an important issue.
Humans ; Phonation ; Voice ; Voice Quality

A computational study of the pulsating jet in a squared channel with a dynamic glottal-shaped constriction is presented. It follows the model experiments of Triep and Brücker (J Acoust Soc Am 127(2):1537–1547, 2010) with the cam-driven model that replicates the dynamic glottal motion in the process of human phonation. The boundary conditions are mapped from the model experiment onto the computational model and the three dimensional time resolved velocity and pressure fields are numerically calculated. This study aims to provide more details of flow separation and pressure distribution in the glottal gap and in the supraglottal flow field. Within the glottal gap a ‘vena contracta’ effect is generated in the mid-sagittal plane. The flow separation in the mid-coronal plane is therefore delayed to larger diffuser angles which leads to an ‘axisswitching’ effect from mid-sagittal to mid-coronal plane. The location of flow separation in mid-sagittal cross section moves up- and downwards along the vocal folds surface in streamwise direction. The generated jet shear layer forms a chain of coherent vortex structures within each glottal cycle. These vortices cause characteristic velocity and pressure fluctuations in the supraglottal region, that are in the range of 10–30 times of the fundamental frequency.
Constriction* ; Humans ; Phonation ; Vocal Cords