Peripheral Intravenous Catheters (PIC) are widely used. Nurses are required to possess appropriate knowledge and practice. The present study aimed to determine nurses' knowledge and practice towards care of PIC. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted and 84 respondents participated in the study. A 26-item questionnaire comprising 11 items on knowledge and 15 items related to nursing practice was adapted and modified. The findings reported higher mean score from specialty unit respondents, with knowledge (M = 49.19, SD = 3.44) and practice (M = 66.38, SD = 5.15), compared to medical surgical wards with knowledge (M = 46.25, SD = 4.68) and practice (M = 63.17, SD = 4.63) towards the care of PIC, which was significant (p value = 0.010 and p value = 0.009, respectively). The study indicated a higher mean score of charge nurse respondents as compared with registered nurse with knowledge (M = 49.68, SD = 3.23); (M = 46.20, SD = 4.62) and practice (M = 67.11, SD = 4.84); (M = 63.06, SD = 4.61), which was significant (p value = 0.003 and p value = 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between respondents’ education qualification towards care of PIC with p > 0.05. However, the findings reported that respondents who possessed Bachelor of Nursing were deemed to score slightly higher in their knowledge and practice towards the care of PIC. In conclusion, the specialty unit and charge nurse respondents were deemed to possess better knowledge and practice towards the care of PIC in the hospital.
Phlebitis

The purpose of this study to conform the effect of the aseptic dressing method to prevent infusion phlebitis. One quaxi-experimental, nonequvalent control group post-test design was used to evaluate prevention of phlebitis between a control group and an experimental group. The data for the control group were collected from 100 hospitalized patients from July 1 to November 30, 1999. The data for the experimental group were collected from 100 hospitalized patients from December 1, 1999 to March 5, 2000. The control group used paper tape on the IV site and the experimental group used a sterile gauze dressing which was changed every 24 hours. Two sets of instruments were used for this study. First, instrument developed Weinstein(1993) and modified by the researcher was used for judging phlebitis. The second, instrument developed Park(1996) was used for assessment records concerning the phlebitis which developed. Catheter sites were inspected on a daily basis by unit nurses and development of phlebitis was grade and documented. Data were analyzed using x2 -test and stepwise regression The results are summarized as follows : 1. The incidence of phlebitis according to the duration of catheter insertion decreased in the experimental group(x2=3.56, p<0.05). 2. The incidence of phlebitis according to the duration of catheter insertion decreased in the experimental group(x2=28.79, p<0.0001). 3. No significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in the severity of phlebitis. 4. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in the incidence of phlebitis according to the location of the insertion site. 5. No statistically significant difference between two groups was found in the incidence of phlebitis by age 6. A statistically significant difference between two groups was found in the incidence of phlebitis by sex(x2=3.88, p<0.05) 7. Further study revealed that the duration of catheter and sex were predictors of occurrence of the phlebitis, explaining 38.2%, 14.2% of the total variance respectively. In conclusion, the aseptic dressing method is recommended to be prevent infusion phlebitis.
Bandages* ; Catheters ; Humans ; Incidence ; Phlebitis*

Hemangiomas of the skin are common, but intrascrotal hemangioma is a rare Complications include hemorrhage, ulceration, skin infection, thromboses and phlebitis. We report a case of intrascrotal hemangioma with spontaneous bleeding.
Hemangioma* ; Hemorrhage* ; Phlebitis ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Thrombosis ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that have an influence on the pain which patients recognize when receiving an intravenous injection. METHOD: Participants were 111 patients who were admitting to C University Hospital. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 11.0 program. RESULTS: For the participants, factors related to administration of medication were the following: Phlebitis scale, who administers the IV injection, failure to complete the IV injection, explaination of the IV injection and rate of injection. Level of pain, depression and anxiety in the participants was as follows: Pain (4.86+/-2.09), depression (35.76+/-9.91), anxiety (32.34+/-8.87). There were positive correlations between pain and depression (r= .437, p< .000), between pain and anxiety (r= .478, p< .000), and between depression and anxiety (r= .544, p< .000). CONCLUSION: Such findings provide new insights into the dynamic relationships between depression, anxiety and pain which patients recognize when having an intravenous injection. Further studies should be conducted to establish the causal relation between depression, anxiety and pain and to determine appropriate nursing interventions.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Nursing ; Phlebitis

Authors' presented an interesting case, 19 years old boy, who was been suffered from retinal periphlebitis of both eyes which thought to be induced by Barre Syndrome. This patient also has pulmonary tuberculosis and visual symptoms of Barre Syndrome in this case were ocular pain and visual disturbance that appeared and disappeared suddenly due probably to irritation of the ventral nerve roots (C5 to T1) with also irritation of sympathetic fibers contained in them.
Adrenergic Fibers ; Humans ; Male ; Phlebitis* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Young Adult

Mondor's disease is an uncommon condition characterized by a palpable, cordshaped structure, which causes pain when pressed. Its known pathophysiology is thrombophlebitis of the superficial venous system. Although reported repeatedly, its definite cause is unknown and various possible causes have been identified, including surgery, irradiation, infection, malignancy, and trauma. We diagnosed this case to be Mondor's disease of the antecubital venous system, probably due to thermal injury of the proximal tributaries of the basilic or cephalic vein. Risk of thermal injury to the skin flap or the portal site remains a common complication, and as thermal injury to the blood vessel might also be considered, attention must be given when suctioning the area near a large superficial vessel.
Blood Vessels ; Lipectomy* ; Ocimum basilicum ; Phlebitis ; Skin ; Suction ; Thrombophlebitis ; Veins

This study was undertken to estimate the induction time, hemodynamic responses and local venous complications after intravenous administration of the midazolam, the water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative, comparing with those of the thipental, as an induction agent. Sixty ASA Class I or II surgical patients were divided into two groups: I and II, and were given 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium and 0.15 mg/kg midazolam hydrochloride, respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The induction timeQoss of palpebral reflex) of the group II(88.7+/-41.8 seconds)was longer than those of the group I (19.5+/-3.7 seeonds). 2) The magnitude of fall in the systolic blood presure, 1 and 2 minute after intravenous administration of the induction agents observed in the group II was smaller than those observed in the group I compared with the pre-induction valuea But other parameters did not change significantly compsred with the pre-induction values in both groups. 3) In five patients of the group I, they complained of pain on the injection, but no patient of the group II complained of it. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of the postoperative local venous complications on the injection sites such as thrombosis or phlebitis between both groups.
Administration, Intravenous ; Benzodiazepines ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Midazolam* ; Phlebitis ; Thiopental* ; Thrombosis

This study was undertken to estimate the induction time, hemodynamic responses and local venous complications after intravenous administration of the midazolam, the water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative, comparing with those of the thipental, as an induction agent. Sixty ASA Class I or II surgical patients were divided into two groups: I and II, and were given 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium and 0.15 mg/kg midazolam hydrochloride, respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The induction timeQoss of palpebral reflex) of the group II(88.7+/-41.8 seconds)was longer than those of the group I (19.5+/-3.7 seeonds). 2) The magnitude of fall in the systolic blood presure, 1 and 2 minute after intravenous administration of the induction agents observed in the group II was smaller than those observed in the group I compared with the pre-induction valuea But other parameters did not change significantly compsred with the pre-induction values in both groups. 3) In five patients of the group I, they complained of pain on the injection, but no patient of the group II complained of it. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of the postoperative local venous complications on the injection sites such as thrombosis or phlebitis between both groups.
Administration, Intravenous ; Benzodiazepines ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Midazolam* ; Phlebitis ; Thiopental* ; Thrombosis

Immunoglobulin G4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IgG4-RHP) is an increasingly recognized manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), which is a fibroinflammatory condition that can affect virtually any organ. The three hallmark histopathological features of IgG4-RD are lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. We report a case of biopsy-confirmed IgG4-RHP that was initially misdiagnosed as cerebral venous thrombosis.
Fibrosis ; Immunoglobulins ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Meningitis ; Phlebitis ; Plasma Cells ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: The study aimed to examine the efficacy of the I.V. House UltraDressing for protecting peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in pediatric patients.METHODS: This randomized controlled trial comprised 60 pediatric patients (aged 2e24 months): 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The PIVC dwell time and phlebitis scores were also reported for both groups. The degree of phlebitis was determined using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale (VIPS) and was recorded every 8 hours from the start of antibiotic therapy until catheter removal.RESULTS: The mean catheter dwell time in the experimental group (2.10 ± 1.55 days) was significantly longer than that in the control group (1.27 ± 0.45 days) (p < .01). However, there were no significant differences between the scores and signs of phlebitis in both groups (p > .05).CONCLUSION: The I.V. House UltraDressing is a useful device that can be used to increase catheter dwell time and protect and stabilize PIVCs in pediatric patients.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Humans ; Patient Safety ; Pediatric Nursing ; Phlebitis