Science is a human activity and like all human activities, it has its share of drama and pathos. The scientific product is often an interaction of certain ways of thinking, personality traits, and circumstances. This essay examines these factors and how the melding of that could lead to breakthrough discoveries. It may in some instances, go wrong, or take a morally ambiguous path.
Creativity ; Philosophy, Medical ; Research

Leadership ; Philosophy, Medical

Philosophy, Medical ; Research

Some observers have insisted that modern medicine should be restored to the holistic nature in the face of the limitations of the current mechanistic modern medicine. Four medical doctors trained in modern medicine, Simonton, Chopra, Kohda and Takeguma are showing the creative models of medicine based on the holistic philosophies and methodologies. It will be meaningful to investigate what the sociocultural backgrounds of their thinkings and practice are, and how much these are socially acceptable and useful.
English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; Holistic Health/*history ; Medicine ; Philosophy, Medical/*history

Some observers have insisted that modern medicine should be restored to the holistic nature in the face of the limitations of the current mechanistic modern medicine. Four medical doctors trained in modern medicine, Simonton, Chopra, Kohda and Takeguma are showing the creative models of medicine based on the holistic philosophies and methodologies. It will be meaningful to investigate what the sociocultural backgrounds of their thinkings and practice are, and how much these are socially acceptable and useful.
English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 20th Cent. ; Holistic Health/*history ; Medicine ; Philosophy, Medical/*history

Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Philosophy, Medical

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-achievement, perception and satisfaction of group discussion and presentation in medical philosophy class. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed based on topical subject of main textbook of medical philosophy and course evaluation reported by students. The questionnaire composed of self-learning achievement for the seven subjects, perception of necessity and profitability of contents and education method of medical philosophy and satisfaction with components of education method and overall class. RESULTS: The data were collected from 250 medical students who complete the course of medical philosophy. Regardless of grade and gender, students reported high self-achievement, perception and overall satisfaction of medical philosophy course, but there were difference in satisfaction of components of each education methods. Students recognized positively as discussion and presentation in philosophy class, but had low awareness of the benefits of private small-group activities. The more students regarded it is beneficial for the contents and methods of philosophy classes, the overall satisfaction with the medical philosophy course was high. And the more students regarded it is necessary to educate and beneficial for the contents and methods of philosophy classes, the satisfaction with the education methods of medical philosophy course was high. CONCLUSION: To improve the achievement level and satisfaction with the philosophy course, it is necessary to induce active interest in small group activities, and provide detailed and various discussion materials in class.
Education ; Education, Medical ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Methods ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, Medical ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the background and improvement of the reformed premedical curriculum in Seoul National University and to analyze in which it corresponds with its intentions. It gives implications to premedical curriculum through its development model. METHODS: The background and improvement of the reformed premedical curriculum was analyzed through several reports from those of associated committees. The development model of the reformed curriculum was made in order to examine correspondence with the intentions of its reformation. RESULTS: The graduate credit increased while compulsory credit was in decrease which leads to the elimination of standardized education based on the natural sciences. The requirements in compulsory liberal arts and elective major subjects were suggested in order to develop students' perspectives in humanities. CONCLUSION: As premed is a preliminary course before studying medicine, premedical curriculum should reflect the needs of those parties concerned-society, professors, students, etc.- and be based on core values and educational philosophy of the school in order to derive its competences.
Curriculum* ; Education ; Humans ; Intention ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Philosophy ; Schools, Medical*

The identity of the author's opponents of On Ancient Medicine is an attractive and problematic question. In 1963, Lloyd suggested that the author was attacking Philolaus or medical thinkers influenced by him. In 1998, Vegetty argued that the author's attack was directed at Empedocles himself. But Lloyd's hypothesis need to solve Philolaus' paradox and there is a strong evidence that the author is not criticizing a specific text or thinker at all, but rather a general trend or tendency in the medicine of his time. It is that the author regularly refers to the opponents in the plural(chh. 1, 13, 15, 20). Jouanna in his introduction Bude edition(p. 18) supposes that the author means to say that he has completed his discussion of his initially announced opponents and that he is now launching an independent criticism of philosophical medicine in general, as if there is no essential connection between the two groups. But the distinction between the polemic of chh 1-19 and that of chapter 20 is largely a matter of emphasis. In chh 1-19 the author focuses on the aspect of the opponents' causal reductionism, i.e. reduction of the causes and cures of disease to a few factors. And in chapter 20 he steps back to discuss more general physis theory on which such a position was based. At any rate, We can readily see that initial opponents and the thinkers of chapter 20 at least belong the same intellectual milieu. The answer to the question "Who is attacked in On Ancient Medicine?" is not a specific thinker or different groups, but all those who attempted to reduce the cause of disease to a few factors, and to base their medical practice on a theory of the human physis. An opinion that this work attacked a special thinker involves some of the same pitfalls as the traditional Hippocratic question.
Authorship/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Philosophy, Medical/*history

In this paper, the philosophy and the content of medicinal philosophy of Lee Jae-Ma were illuminated through the history and philosophy of the late Choseon times from 1837 to 1900. Some conclusions were as follows: 1. Lee Jae-Ma was a philosopher as well as a doctor, and his philosophical background was well appeared in the book of . 2. Although the philosophy of Lee Jae-Ma and its terms were derived from the Kyunghakseol of Confucianism, the concept of these terms was different from the Neo-confucianism of Song Dynasty in China. 3. The four phases of the philosophy of Lee Jae-Ma was originated from the four important trigrams, however, he did not take the meanings of the changes and development of the trigrams in , but also took the four components of construction of cosmos similar to the Western theory of four component. 4. It is unreasonable that he is categorized in the group of the scholars of anti-Chu-tzu and neo-confucianist since the theory of the four phases was originated from the Kyunghakseol of Confucianism and also neo-Confucianism. 5. Dong Mu took the dualistic theory of mind and body in Ho Chun's as the core of his thought, but Dong Mu's method of the explanation was not based on the Taoism, the key of the thought of , but based on the Kyunghakseol of Confucianism. 6. Dong Mu wrote the two medicinal books and based on the thought of regimen of . But the philosophy of his books was based on the thought of Confucianism, not on of the nature of Taoism.
English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; Korea ; Philosophy, Medical/*history