OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate under target rates of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in Korean patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in real world practice. METHODS: Dyslipidemia International Study II was an international observational study of patients with stable CAD or an ACS. Lipid profiles and use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) were documented at enrollment, and for the ACS cohort, 4 months follow-up was recommended. Rates of under target LDL-C as per European guidelines, were evaluated, and multivariate regression was performed to identify predictive factors of patients presenting under the target. RESULTS: A total of 808 patients were enrolled in Korea, 500 with stable CAD and 308 with ACS. Of these, 90.6% and 52.6% were being treated with LLT, respectively. In the stable CAD group, 40.0% were under target LDL-C, while in ACS group, the rate was 23.7%. A higher statin dose was independently associated with under target LDL-C in both groups (OR, 1.03; p=0.046 [stable CAD] and OR, 1.05; p=0.01 [ACS]). The mean statin dosage (atorvastatin equivalent) was 17 mg/day. In the 79 ACS patients who underwent the follow-up examination, the LDL-C under target rate rose to 59.5%. CONCLUSION: Only a minority of patients with stable CAD or ACS were under their target LDL-C level at enrollment. The statin dose was not sufficient in the majority of patients. These results indicate a considerable LLT gap in Korean patients with established CAD.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Dyslipidemias ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Korea ; Observational Study

INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). There is a lack of data on the extent of lipid abnormalities and lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in Singapore. METHODS: The Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS) II was a multinational observational study of patients with stable CHD and hospitalised patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A full lipid profile and use of LLT were documented at baseline, and for the ACS cohort, at four months post-hospitalisation. RESULTS: 325 patients were recruited from four sites in Singapore; 199 had stable CHD and 126 were hospitalised with an ACS. At baseline, 96.5% of the CHD cohort and 66.4% of the ACS cohort were being treated with LLT. In both cohorts, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were lower for the treated than the non-treated patients; accordingly, a higher proportion of patients met the LDL-C goal of < 70 mg/dL (CHD: 28.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.10; ACS: 20.2% vs. 0%, p < 0.01). By the four-month follow-up, a higher proportion of the ACS patients that were originally not treated with LLT had met the LDL-C goal (from 0% to 54.5%), correlating with the increased use of medication. However, there was negligible improvement in the patients who were treated prior to the ACS. CONCLUSION Dyslipidaemia is a significant concern in Singapore, with few patients with stable or acute CHD meeting the recommended European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society goal. LLT was widely used but not optimised, indicating considerable scope for improved management of these very-high-risk patients.

Objective: To quantify the extent of hyperlipidemia and its treatment in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) or an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Philippines. Methods: The Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS) II was an observational, multinational study conducted in patients aged ≥18 years with stable CHD or being hospitalized with an ACS. A full lipid profile was evaluated at baseline, and for the ACS cohort, at 4 months after discharge from hospital. Achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets and the use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) were assessed. Results: A total of 232 patients were enrolled from 10 centers in the Philippines, 184 with stable CHD and 48 being hospitalized with an ACS. The mean LDL-C level for the CHD patients was 88.0±40.1 mg/dL, with 33.3% achieving the target of <70 mg/dL recommended for very high-risk patients. For the ACS cohort, the mean LDL-C level was 109.0±48.5 mg/dL, with target attainment of 25.0%. The majority of the CHD cohort was being treated with LLT (97.3%), while 55.3% of the ACS patients were receiving LLT prior to hospitalization, rising to 100.0% at follow-up. There was little use of non-statins. Conclusions For these very high-risk patients from the Philippines, LDL-C target attainment was poor. Opportunities for better monitoring and treatment of these subjects are being missed.
Cholesterol ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Coronary Disease ; Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Myocardial Infarction