Acute Coronary Syndrome ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans

The diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have evolved dramatically over the past decade. Biomarkers play an important role in the diagnosis of ACS, especially in unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Among these, cardiac troponin and creatine kinase appear to be the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. Recent studies have revealed several novel biomarkers. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 are strong independent markers of increased mortality among patients with ACS. However, the ideal biomarkers that offer early detection, risk stratification, selection of therapy, monitoring disease progression, and treatment efficacy remain to be elucidated. This review assesses limitations and contemporary needs for biomarkers in the context of diagnosis of ACS. It also discusses the newly developing technologies for novel biomarkers or novel biomarker protein signatures discovery, and importance of point-of-care testing for future management.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; pathology ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Myoglobin ; blood ; Necrosis ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Platelet Activation ; Troponin I ; blood ; Troponin T ; blood

Aging ; Humans ; Singapore ; Spirituality

INTRODUCTIONA retrospective case series of acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI) patients complicated by complete atrioventricular block (AVB) treated with acute percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).

CLINICAL PICTUREEight patients with anterior MI and complete AVB underwent acute PTCA between 2000 and 2005. Mean onset of complete AVB was 16.6 +/- 16.9 hours from chest pain onset.

TREATMENTAll patients underwent successful PTCA to the left anterior descending artery.

OUTCOMEComplete AVB resolved with PTCA in 88%; mean time of resolution was 89 +/- 144 minutes after revascularisation. One patient had permanent pacemaker implanted at Day 12 after developing an 8-second ventricular standstill during hospitalisation but not pacing-dependent on follow-up. The rhythm on discharge for the other surviving patients was normal sinus rhythm.

CONCLUSIONThis case series suggests that complete AVB complicating anterior MI is reversible with acute PTCA and survivors are not at increased risk of recurrent AVB. Nevertheless, this condition is associated with extensive myocardial damage and high mortality during the acute hospitalisation was not improved with correction of AVB with temporary pacing.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; therapy ; Atrioventricular Block ; complications ; therapy ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies

The ageing population is posing new challenges to Singapore's healthcare system. The rise of dual income and the decline of extended families, as well as an increase in age-related degenerative disorders due to increased longevity render it difficult for the family to remain the primary social safety net to care for our elderly in their own homes. Consequently, nursing homes may become increasingly relevant for resource and expertise-challenged families to cope with the burden of caring for a frail and dependent elderly. However, as the recent Nightingale Nursing Home elderly mistreatment incident attests, the standards of some have been found wanting. This paper will trace the history of nursing homes in Singapore and the evolution of government policies towards them, discuss the challenges and trade-offs of nursing home regulation, and provide suggestions for better care and governance.
Aged ; Forecasting ; Guidelines as Topic ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; trends ; Singapore

We developed a novel simple microwell plate that allows researchers to culture cells on chips easily without the use of tubes and pumps for studies of cell proliferation, apoptosis and pharmacology. Unlike any other previous design, this device can be put into an incubator directly and maintains cells in an environment with stable temperature, humidity, air pressure, oxygen and CO2 concentration. We cultured PC-12 cells in these microwell plates and measured the cell proliferation and apoptosis. The microwell plate is recommended for use in all research including those involving rare samples and expensive reagents.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Cell Proliferation ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Array Analysis ; Rats

We developed a novel simple microwell plate that allows researchers to culture cells on chips easily without the use of tubes and pumps for studies of cell proliferation, apoptosis and pharmacology. Unlike any other previous design, this device can be put into an incubator directly and maintains cells in an environment with stable temperature, humidity, air pressure, oxygen and CO2 concentration. We cultured PC-12 cells in these microwell plates and measured the cell proliferation and apoptosis. The microwell plate is recommended for use in all research including those involving rare samples and expensive reagents.

We developed a novel simple microwell plate that allows researchers to culture cells on chips easily without the use of tubes and pumps for studies of cell proliferation, apoptosis and pharmacology. Unlike any other previous design, this device can be put into an incubator directly and maintains cells in an environment with stable temperature, humidity, air pressure, oxygen and CO2 concentration. We cultured PC-12 cells in these microwell plates and measured the cell proliferation and apoptosis. The microwell plate is recommended for use in all research including those involving rare samples and expensive reagents.

Drug Costs ; Ethics, Medical ; Health Care Costs ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Models, Economic ; Morals ; Physicians ; ethics ; Singapore ; United Nations