PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of single or combined treatment methods administered to patients with stage 1 retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was performed in 9 eyes of 8 patients with stage I RAP. According to fundus angiography findings taken regularly after treatment, the results were categorized as closure of stage 1, recurrence of stage 1, or progress to stage 2. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25 (14~40) months. In two eyes treated with laser photocoagulation only, the lesions progressed to stage 2. In two eyes treated with laser photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone injection, the lesions also progressed to stage 2. In four eyes treated with photodynamic therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone injection, stage 1 lesions recurred in 3 eyes, and the lesion progressed to stage 2 in one eye. In one eye treated with photodynamic therapy, intravitreal triamcinolone injection, and laser photocoagulation, the stage 1 lesion recurred. Final visual acuity was stable in the case of stage 1 recurrence but was lower than the pretreatment level when the lesion progressed to stage 2. CONCLUSIONS: With either single or combined therapy, temporary closure of the stage 1 RAP lesion was possible, but complete closure could not be achieved for a long period because the lesion either recurred or progressed.
Angiography ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Photochemotherapy ; Recurrence ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone ; Visual Acuity

In air leak syndrome, a significant portion of the volume delivered during a positive pressure breath can be lost through the leak. HFOV can achieve adequate ventilation at lower peak and/or mean intrapulmonary pressure than conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and has been an effective treatment of already established air leak syndrome. We report a 1-day-old male infant with severe respiratory failure from pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, who was refractory to CMV with chest tube drainage. HFOV was applied to this patient for 114 hours, and improvement of oxygenation and ventilation as well as significant reduction of pneumothorax followed.
Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Oxygen ; Pneumothorax ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ventilation*

As the incidence of acute myocardial infarction been increasing with prolongation of life spans, improvement in foods and life styles in Korea, rapid diagnosis and treatment is critical in survival of acute myocardial infarction patient. Most of the acute myocardial infarction result from atherosclerotic plaque forming thrombus and occlusion of coronary artery. Because early thrombolytic therapy is important to maintain the left ventricular function and survival rate, there have been many trials to reperfuse the occluded coronary artery. We have studied the many aspects of acute myocardial infarction such as sex, age, infarction site, chief complaints, change of ECG, change of serum enzyme, time delay on emergency room arrival, and compared the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy. Total number of patient was 212, and males were 141(66.5%) and females were 71(33.5%). The most common infarction site was ant, fuel wall(102 cases,48%)of the heart and the most common chief complaint was chest pain(204 cases,97%). Among the 106 patients who received thrombolytic therapy, 101 patients(95%) had survived and 5 patients(5%) had died. Among the 64 patients who didn't receive thrombolytic therapy, 56 patients (87.5%) were alived and 8 patients(12.5%) were dead.
Ants ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis* ; Electrocardiography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Korea ; Life Style ; Life Support Care ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Survival Rate ; Thorax ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis ; Ventricular Function, Left

BACKGROUND: To explore an interaction(s) of endothelin with other blood pressure regulating systems, effects of either a high concentration of sodium chloride vehicle or pretreatment with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the pressor response to endothelin were investigated in rats. METHOD: Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiopental (50mg/kg, IP) and were cannulated into left lateral cerebral ventricle. The left femoral artery and vein were also catheterized to measure blood pressure and to serve as an infusion route, respectively. Endothelin (10pmol) dissolved in either normal (0.15M) or high concentration (3.0M) of NaCl vehicle with ANP (1 nmol, ICV). For intravenous (IV) infusion, endothelin(1pmol/min) dissolved either in normal or high concentration of NaCl vehicle was infused for 20min. RESULT: ICV endothelin caused an increase of arterial pressure, in which the NaCl did not affect but ANP-pretreatment significantly attenuated the pressor magnitude. IV endothelin also increased the arterial pressure, which was potentiated by NaCl, ie, the maximum increase caused by the IV endothelin in the high NaCl vehicle was greater than the sum of that induced by endothelin (infused in normal NaCl vehicle) and that induced by high NaCl vehicle only. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that endothelin has separate central and peripheral pressor actions, in which the former is not affected by high NaCl but is attenuated by the ANP system and the latter is potentiated by high NaCl.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Endothelins* ; Femoral Artery ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Chloride* ; Sodium* ; Thiopental ; Veins

PURPOSE: Modified Mau and Akin osteotomy for hallux valgus is followed by moderate to severe postoperative pain. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block can be an effective option for pain control. We attempted to evaluate the efficacy of the ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in controlling postoperative pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of 59 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed between December 2014 and August 2015. Twenty-eight patients (the patient group) has received the ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block after surgery, and 31 patients (the control group) has not received such procedure. The primary outcome was the satisfaction scale for postoperative pain control and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score. RESULTS: The VAS score at postoperative day one was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The satisfaction scale for pain control for postoperative 1 day was significantly different between the two groups. In patient group, most patients have rated positively ('strongly agree' 42.9%, 'agree' 42.9%); however, in the control group, the rating scales were distributed relatively negatively ('strongly agree' 9.7%, 'agree' 22.6%, 'neutral' 29.0%, 'disagree' 25.8%, 'strongly disagree' 12.9%). The number of postoperative rescue analgesics injection was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Postoperative ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was effective for pain relief after hallux valgus surgery.
Analgesics ; Hallux Valgus* ; Hallux* ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; Osteotomy ; Pain, Postoperative ; Retrospective Studies ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Ultrasonography ; Weights and Measures

Olivary hypertrophic degeneration (OHD) is caused by lesions in dentato-rubro-olivary pathway(myoclonic triangle) and responsible for palatal myoclonus and other involuntary movements. We report the clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings of 5 patients with OHD. All patients had previous brainstem hemorrhage mainly involving pontine tegmentum in four patients and right superior cerebellar peduncle in one patient T2-weighted MR] revealed round or oval shaped high signal area in the ventral or ventrolateral portion of the medulla. Their clinical presentations were as followings: palatal myoclonus (4 case), ocular myoclonus (3 case), pharyngeal and laryngeal myoclonus (2 case), limb myoclonus (2 case), head shaking (I case) and perioral tremulous movement (1 case). The frequency of myoclonus was 70-170/minute and the median time interval between the insult of the primary lesion and the onset of myoclonic symptoms was 2 months. OHD shown as hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted MRI should be differentiated from ischemic, neoplastic or other pathologic lesions. The characteristic clinical presentations and the location of primary lesions involving myoclonic triangle may be helpful in differential diagnosis from primary medullary lesions.
Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myoclonus

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Infant*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Gerbillinae

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the branching vascular network component of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) could be occluded after photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: A retrospective clinical study based upon indocyanine green angiogram was performed in 26 eyes of 26 patients having PCV and treated with PDT. RESULTS: Of the 19 eyes which received a single session of PDT, none showed complete occlusion of the vascular network and 16 (84%) showed, at least in part, a persisting vascular network. Of the 7 eyes which had two session of PDT, 1 (14%) showed complete occlusion of the vascular network, and 3 (43%) showed, at least in part, a persisting vascular network. Changes in the vascular network could not be evaluated with exactness in 6 eyes. Of the 18 eyes achieving clinical improvement after single PDT, 3 had recurrence of hemorrhagic or exudative changes from new polypoidal lesions which originated from the persisting vascular network. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to expect complete occlusion of branching vascular network after PDT, which means future recurrence may not be prevented even though occlusion of polyps accompanied with clinical improvement can be achieved with PDT.
Choroid* ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Photochemotherapy* ; Polyps ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies