No abstract available.
Phenytoin* ; Rhabdomyolysis*

No abstract available.
Phenytoin* ; Rhabdomyolysis*

No abstract available.
Phenytoin* ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome*

It is important to predict time to reach therapeutic concentration in phenytoin toxicity. In tradition, frequent drug monitoring is inevitable until the therapeutic serum level is reached. A method of estimating Vmax and Vd of phenytoin with application to estimating time to reach therapeutic concentration of phenytoin is described. We evaluated the usefulness of that method in twelve patients with phenytoin toxicity whose initial levels ranging from 27.7 to 74.0 ug/ml. We compaired the observed time defined as the time of returning from the initial toxic level to the optimum therapeutic level by serial measurement of serum concentration with the calculated time by using the modified Michaelis-Menten equation (Km x In (C1/C2) +Cl-C2=Vmax/vd x T). We determined individual patient's Vmax (maximal metabolic rate of concentration), Vd(volume of distribution of concentration), and Km(constants of Michaelis-Menten equation) for phenytoin, using data obtained from two consecutive serum concentration and known value of Km in Korean. And then, we calculated the decline time of phenytoin. The calculated decline time did not differ significantly from observed decline time (P=0.830). It is possible to predict the time to the therapeutic range and to reduce the unnecessarily frequent drug monitoring.
Drug Monitoring ; Humans ; Phenytoin*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Phenytoin*

This study was carried out on 36 blood samples of epileptic patients, between the ages of 6 and 15, in Army Hospital 103 during 9/2000 - 6/2001, who used a monotherapy - phenytoin. The results of quantitative analysis of serum concentration of drug in the treatment range, under the treatment range and above the treatment range among patients with disease free was 72.41%, 13.78% and 13.8%. 80% of patients used phenytorin at dose of 5-8mg/kg/day had a serum concentration in the treatment range. The dose of phenytoin can be increased increasingly in cases without responding to the treatment while the drug concentration closely reached the treatment range until the defects found.
Serum ; Phenytoin ; Epilepsy

The effect of diphenylhydantoin on LD 50 of ouabain was investigated in frogs, using "one hour frog method". LD50 of ouabain in control group was 1.90 microg/10g. A dose of 100 microg/10g diphenylhydantion did not affect the systemic manifestations of the frogs, but increase the LD50 of ouabain to 2.60 microg/10g. The difference of LD50 of ouabain and potency ratio between control group and diphenylhydantoin-treated group was statistically significant.
Lethal Dose 50 ; Ouabain* ; Phenytoin*

AIMTo indicate the titration end-point of precipitation reaction by measuring the relative intensity of the scattered light in the titrate for use in pharmaceutical analysis.

METHODSA visible light-emitting diode (LED) was used as a light source and a photodiode was used as the optical detector. Light on the detector creates an electric current through the diode. With the addition of the titrant, the titrate became turbid and the intensity of the scattered light in the solution increased gradually. If the precipitation reaction proceeded the completion and the solubility of the precipitate was small enough, the intensity of the scattered light will reach maximum at the stoichiometric point; thus, the titration end-point can be indicated. The accuracy of nephelometric titrimetry was discussed theoretically and the titration of NaCl with AgNO3 was used as a model. To demonstrate the applicability of the new titrimetry in pharmaceutical analysis, phenytoin sodium and procaine hydrochloride were titrated with AgNO3 and NaOH solutions, respectively.

RESULTSWith our new titrator and nephelometric sensor, the accuracy and precision of our new titrimetry can be better than 0.2% under suitable conditions.

CONCLUSIONThis new titrimetry can be used for pharmaceutical analysis.

I report two elderly females who developed repetitive focal seizures as their first manifestations of nonketotic hyperglycemia In the second patient, the seizures were constantly induced by active or passive movements of the involved arm. With a control of the hyperglycemia, the seizures stopped in both cases. Contrary to previous reports, the focal seizures of the second case seemed to respond to parenteral administration of phenytoin.
Aged ; Arm ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia* ; Phenytoin ; Seizures*

Phenytoin(DPH) has been reported to be a benefit in the cerebral ischemia. To study the effect of DPH in an experimental stroke model. We subjected 45 cats to middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion 4 hrs after the placement of a MCA clip by a retro-orbital approach. Infarct size was determined 2 days after MCA occlusion. 20 animals served as control and received saline 2 ml bolus. All of these animal observed 1 hour, 1 day and 2 days after the removal of clip. In 20 treated animals, DPH was administered 50 mg/kg bolus every 6 hours intravenously after removal of clip. Infarct size was not significantly different between the control and treated groups. However, in DPH treated group, CBF, CMRO2, CMRG SEP were improved in early stage of ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia* ; Cats ; Ischemia ; Phenytoin* ; Stroke