PURPOSE: We report the results of an external audit on the absorbed dose of radiotherapy beams independently performed by third parties. For this effort, we developed a method to measure the absorbed dose to water in an easy and convenient setup of solid water phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2008, 12 radiotherapy centers voluntarily participated in the external auditing program and 47 beams of X-ray and electron were independently calibrated by the third party's American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) task group (TG)-51 protocol. Even though the AAPM TG-51 protocol recommended the use of water, water as a phantom has a few disadvantages, especially in a busy clinic. Instead, we used solid water phantom due to its reproducibility and convenience in terms of setup and transport. Dose conversion factors between solid water and water were determined for photon and electron beams of various energies by using a scaling method and experimental measurements. RESULTS: Most of the beams (74%) were within +/-2% of the deviation from the third party's protocol. However, two of 20 X-ray beams and three of 27 electron beams were out of the tolerance (+/-3%), including two beams with a >10% deviation. X-ray beams of higher than 6 MV had no conversion factors, while a 6 MV absorbed dose to a solid water phantom was 0.4% less than the dose to water. The electron dose conversion factors between the solid water phantom and water were determined: The higher the electron energy, the less is the conversion factor. The total uncertainty of the TG-51 protocol measurement using a solid water phantom was determined to be +/-1.5%. CONCLUSION: The developed method was successfully applied for the external auditing program, which could be evolved into a credential program of multi-institutional clinical trials. This dosimetry saved time for measuring doses as well as decreased the uncertainty of measurement possibly resulting from the reference setup in water.
Electrons ; Phenylpropionates ; Uncertainty ; Water

PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term effects of loxoprofen on nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2008, 40 BPH patients with 2 or more episodes of nocturia received an alpha-blocker, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, and a single dose of 60 mg of loxoprofen at night before sleep for 12 months (Group I). During the same period, 38 BPH patients selected as the control group received an alpha-blocker and 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (Group II). Patients were reevaluated after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment by the number of nocturia episodes and side effects. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, the number of nocturia episodes decreased significantly compared with baseline in both group I and group II (1.9+/-0.7, 2.1+/-0.7, respectively, p<0.05). The degree of decrease in nocturia was significantly different between the groups (-1.5+/-0.9, -1.1+/-0.9, respectively, p=0.034). After 6 and 12 months, the number of nocturia episodes decreased significantly compared with baseline in both group I and group II (p<0.05), but the degree of decrease was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). After 6 and 12 months of treatment in group I, treatment-emergent adverse events, including 5 cases of gastric discomfort (12.5%), 3 cases of leg edema (7.5%), and 1 case of decreased urine volume (2.5%), occurred in 9 of the 40 (22.5%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Loxoprofen can be an effective treatment for patients with nocturia secondary to BPH in the short term. Long-term use of loxoprofen is not recommended because of the side effects.
Edema ; Humans ; Leg ; Nocturia ; Oxidoreductases ; Phenylpropionates ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Sodium

This study is to keep the accuracy and stability of the output dose evaluations for linear accelerator photon beams by using the air ionization chambers (TM31010, 0.125 cc, PTW) through the Task Group 51 protocol. The absorbed dose to water calibration factor NdwCo-60 was delivered from the air kerma calibration factor Nk which was provided from manufacture through SSDL calibration for determination of output factor. The ionization chamber of TM31010 series was reviewed the calibration factor and other parameters for reduce the uncertainty within +/-2% discrepancy and we found the supplied NdwCo-60 which was derived from Nk has shown a -2.8% uncertainty compare to that of PSDL. The authors provided the program to perform the output dosimetry with TG-51 protocol as it is composed same screen of TG-51 worksheets. The evaluated dose by determination of output factor delivered to postal TLD block for comparison the output dose to that of MDACC (RPC) in postal monitoring program. The results have shown the 1.001+/-0.013 for 6 MV and 0.997+/-0.012 discrepancy for 15 MV X rays for 5 years followed. This study shows the evaluated outputs for linear accelerate photon beams are very close to that of international output monitor with small discrepancy of +/-1.3% with high reliability and showing the gradually stability after 2010.
Air Ionization ; Calibration ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Particle Accelerators ; Phenylpropionates ; Uncertainty ; Water

No abstract available.
Ketoprofen*

STUDY DESIGN: Multi institution, double blind, random sample. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a comparative study with Aceclofenac Tab, which is widely used in the clinical field in order to observe the Pelubiprofen Tab's clinical efficiency in patients with back pain. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Among the numerous literatures regarding the chronic back pain, there is are few studies with Pelubiprofen Tab's clinical efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We computed an experimental model through a case control study, practiced from January, 2010 to January, 2011, and thereby, 298 back pain patients were selected. This study was conducted through a multi institution, double blind, and random sample. We compared the experimental and control groups' clinical efficiency that was estimated by VAS after 28 days of medication. Also, we compared the treatment efficiency of both drugs by using a variation of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Physician's Global assessment, with a total usage of relief medicine. Also, the side effect and clinical pathologic result were tested. Statistical analysis was done with three different methods, Safety method, ITT (Intent-To-Treat), and PP (Per Protocol). Logistic regression model was used, and this result was compared by a Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test. RESULTS: Comparing the VAS of both groups, VAS decreased with statistical significance. Both groups didn't show a significant difference in VAS (p=0.6764). As the decrement of the total dosage of relief medicine, the decrease in the control group was rather higher, but the difference didn't show any statistical significance (p=0.9955). The experimental group was not inferior than that of the control group in ODI and PGA variation. Analyzing the side effect, both groups didn't show any significant difference (p=0.9843). CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the clinical trial, Pelubiprofen Tab. applied to back pain patients was not inferior to that of aceclofenac Tab., in terms of efficiency, and didn't show any significant difference in safety.
Back Pain ; Case-Control Studies ; Diclofenac ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Models, Theoretical ; Phenylpropionates ; Prostaglandins A

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of alfuzosin for the treatment of ureteral calculi less than 10 mm in diameter after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was performed prospectively by one physician between June 2010 and August 2011. A total of 84 patients with ureteral calculi 5 to 10 mm in diameter were divided into two groups. Alfuzosin 10 mg (once daily) and loxoprofen sodium 68.1 mg (as needed) were prescribed to group 1 (n=41), and loxoprofen sodium 68.1 mg (as needed) only was prescribed to group 2 (n=44). The drug administration began immediately after ESWL and continued until stone expulsion was confirmed up to a maximum of 42 days after the procedure. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of 41 (95.1%) patients in group 1 and 40 of 43 (93.0%) patients in group 2 ultimately passed stones (p=0.96). The number of ESWL sessions was 1.34+/-0.65 and 1.41+/-0.85 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.33). The patients who required analgesics after ESWL were 8 (19.5%) in group 1 and 13 (30.2%) in group 2 (p=0.31). Visual analogue scale pain severity scores were 5.33+/-1.22 and 6.43+/-1.36 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.056). The time to stone expulsion in groups 1 and 2 was 9.5+/-4.8 days and 14.7+/-9.8 days, respectively (p=0.005). No significant adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The use of alfuzosin in combination with ESWL seems to facilitate stone passage and to reduce the time of stone expulsion but does not affect the stone-free rate.
Analgesics ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Phenylpropionates ; Prospective Studies ; Quinazolines ; Shock ; Sodium ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urolithiasis

PURPOSE: Various electrocardiogram (ECG) changes can occur in patients with acute organophosphate poisoning (OPP) and may be associated with the clinical severity of poisoning. The present study aimed to evaluate the extent and frequency of ECG changes and cardiac manifestations, and their association with acute OPP clinical severity. METHODS: Seventy-two adult patients admitted to our emergency department with a diagnosis of acute OPP were studied retrospectively. ECG changes and cardiac manifestations at admission were evaluated. ECG changes between respiratory failure (RF) group and no respiratory failure (no RF) groups were compared. RESULTS: Prolongation of QTc interval (n=40, 55.6%) was the most common ECG change, followed by sinus tachycardia (n=36, 50.0%). ST-T wave changes such as ST segment elevation or depression and T wave change (inversion or non-specific change) were evident in 16 patients (22.2%). Prolongation of QTc interval was significantly higher in the RF group compared with the no RF group (p=0.03), but was not an independent predictor for RF in acute OPP (OR; 4.00, 95% CI; 0.70-23.12, p=0.12). CONCLUSION: While patients with acute OPP can display ECG changes that include prolongation of QTc interval, sinus tachycardia, and ST-T wave changes at admission, these changes are not predictors of respiratory failure.
Adult ; Depression ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phenylpropionates ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia, Sinus

OBJECTIVETo compare the rutin and syringin content in tissue culturing seedlings and in botanical drug of Saussurea involucrata.

METHODThe HPLC with Hydro-RP C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used, a mixture of acetonitrile-water (5:95) was used as a mobile phase, with flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 25 degrees C and detection wavelength at 220 nm.

RESULTThe effective constituents of tissue culturing seedlings were almost similar to the botanical drug. And syringin in tissue culturing seedlings was increased 4.35 times.

CONCLUSIONIt has a good prospect to acquire high-quality S. involucrata by tissue culturing seedlings.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Rutin ; analysis ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry

In this paper, the RP-HPLC specific chromatography was adopted, with DIKMA-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) as the chromatographic column, with a gradient elution compose of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid at flow rate of 0.8 mL · min(-1), the detection wavelength was 220 nm. The difference of the HPLC specific chromatograms between the Lu Dangshen and other different base sources and different producing area of Codonopsis Radix was compared, involved in the similarities and differences of the number and the relative peak area of characteristic peaks in the HPLC specific chromatograms. The HPLC specific chromatograms of Lu Dangshen was established and the relative retention times of seven peaks was determined, and the peaks of codonopyrrolidium B, syringin, lobetyolin, tangshenoside I and atractylenoide III were identified; The HPLC specific chromatograms of Lu Dangshen provided a method for scientific evaluation and effective control the quality of Lu Dangshen from Shanxi famous-region.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Animals ; Humans ; Oxazines ; metabolism ; Phenylpropionates ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Thiazolidinediones ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors