Humans ; Phenylhydrazines

5-Aminosalicylate agents are the main therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis. Balsalazide is a prodrug of 5-aminosalicylate and has fewer side effects than the other 5-aminosalicylate agents. Pulmonary complications resembling granulomatosis with polyangiitis in ulcerative colitis are extremely rare. Here, we report a patient with ulcerative colitis on balsalazide presenting respiratory symptoms and multiple pulmonary nodules from a chest radiography that was pathologically diagnosed with a limited form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like variant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a balsalazide-induced limited form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like variant.
Bronchiolitis ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Humans ; Mesalamine ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Phenylhydrazines ; Thorax ; Ulcer ; Wegener Granulomatosis

This paper reports an in vivo study on the biophysics characteristics of reticulocytes. Anemia was induced by injection of phenylhydrazine in rabbits. The measurements, including electrophoresis rate, hematolytic rate, fluorescent polarization and the changing anisotropic value, were performed in vivo for 72 hours in the process of reticulocytes growing into erythrocytes. It was shown that there were obvious changes in the biophysics characteristics of reticulocytes in this course. Therefore, the findings are of significance to basic, theoretical and clinical studies.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; blood ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; physiology ; Phenylhydrazines ; Rabbits ; Reticulocytes ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Coptis chinensis on oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes in mice.

METHODAcetylphenyhydrazine (APH)-induced oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes in mice were used. The contents of free hemoglobin of blood plasma, indirect bilirubin of serum, reticulocytes of blood, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of erythrocytes were measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione hormone (GSH), and glucose-6-phosp hate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) of erythrocytes were also determined and the total-antioxygen capability (T-AOC) of blood was analyzed.

RESULTThe levels or amount of free hemoglobin of blood plasma, indirect bilirubin of serum, reticulocytes of blood and MDA of erythrocytes were higher in APH (0.03 g x kg(-1))-induced mice than normal mice. The activity or content of SOD, GSH and G-6-PD was lower in APH-induced mice than in normal mice. Primaquine (0.058 g x kg(-1)) could aggravated the degree of elevated hemolysis of erythrocytes in APH-induced mice. C. chinensis (0.6 g x kg(-1) could deprssed significantly the elevated levels of indirect bilirubin in serum. The levels of free hemoglobin of blood plasma, indirect bilirubin of serum, reticulocytes of blood, the production of SOD and GSH and T-AOC were also decressed by C. chinensis (0.6 g x kg(-1)).

CONCLUSIONC. chinensis suppressed t he degree of hemolysis of erythrocytes in APH-induced mice due to the suppression of the production of lipid peroxidation and increasing of the activity of antioxidase of erythrocytes.

Animals ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenylhydrazines ; adverse effects ; Plasma ; metabolism ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). METHODS: The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The protein carbonyl contents in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. After amniotic fluid of them were mixed and incubated up to 5 hours with 0.2 mL of 1mM moxalactam, cefodizime, amoxacillin, erythromycin, the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyl contents in them were measured. RESULTS: 1. The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (9.74+/-0.48 vs. 7.20+/-0.38 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 2. The protein carbonyl levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (13.0+/-0.33 vs. 11.27+/-0.17 nmol/mg protein P<0.01). 3. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than basal level (12.08+/-0.81 vs. 9.74+/-0.48 nmol/mg protein, 20.08+/-0.66 vs. 13.0+/-0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 4. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by cefodizime in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly lower than basal level (5.04+/-0.33 vs. 9.74+/-0.48 nmol/mg protein, 9.76+/-0.35 vs. 13.0+/-0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 5. There were no significant differences in the levels of lipid peroxide and protein carbonyls by amoxacillin and erythromycin in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM between antibiotics-induced and basal levels. CONCLUSION: The lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyls formation were increased in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Antibiotics-induced lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl levels were changed in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Further studies on our results may be beneficial in the selection of antibiotics for pregnant women with PPROM.
Amniotic Fluid ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefotaxime ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Membranes ; Moxalactam ; Phenylhydrazines ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Protein Carbonylation ; Rupture ; Thiobarbiturates

Infectious arthritis is an important medical emergency with high morbidity. The most frequent causative organism of infectious arthritis is Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida is an uncommon pathogen. Candida arthritis has been reported to occur in seriously ill or immunocompromised patients and neonates. We report the first case of C. parapsilosis arthritis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis 1 year previously and took balsalazide. Pain and swelling in the right knee joint developed 6 months after diagnosis. She was diagnosed with enteropathic arthritis associated with ulcerative colitis and took methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and prednisolone for 3 months, but the symptoms did not improve. We finally diagnosed her with infectious C. parapsilosis arthritis by culturing the synovial fluid. The patient received amphotericin B for 6 weeks and underwent arthroscopic synovectomy. She finally experienced improvement of inflammation in the right knee joint.
Amphotericin B ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Candida ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation ; Knee Joint ; Mesalamine ; Methotrexate ; Middle Aged ; Phenylhydrazines ; Prednisolone ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Sulfasalazine ; Synovial Fluid ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of balsalazide on intestinal mucosal permeability of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in a mouse model and its possible mechanism.

METHODSForty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups. Normal group was only fed with distilled water, DSS group and Balsalazide groups at doses of 42,141,423 mg/kg were fed with 5% DSS. Balsalazide was given by intragastric administration. DAI was evaluated daily. At the end of the experiment, colon tissue was collected for assessment of histological changes, MDA content, MPO, SOD and GSH-PX activity. Small intestinal mucosa was collected for assessment of transmission electron microscope(TEM), and detection of permeability by Evans blue.

RESULTSCompared with normal group, DSS group mice all manifested severe weight loss associated with hematochezia and diarrhea with significant increase of DAI and HI score(P<0.01). MDA content and MPO activity was increased with the reverse result of SOD and GSH-PX(P<0.01) in DSS group. Intestinal mucosa showed a focal reduction in thinning of microvillous carpet and even a total disarrangement of epithelial surface, with decurtated and broaden junctional complex and enlarged intercellular space under TEM observations in DSS group. The amount of Evans blue permeated into intestinal wall was obvious in DSS group. Compared with DSS group, balsalazide improved gross findings, decreased MPO activity and MDA content, but increased the activity of SOD and GSH-PX(P<0.05). The amount of Evans blue permeated into intestinal wall was less(P<0.05). Ileal microvillous carpet was ameliorated in dose-dependent manner by balsalazide.

CONCLUSIONSIntestinal mucosal permeability is increased in DSS group. Balsalazide can significantly ameliorate intestinal mucosal permeability in colitis model.

Animals ; Colitis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate ; Female ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesalamine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Permeability ; Phenylhydrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Azoreductases are involved in the bioremediation by bacteria of azo dyes found in waste water. In the gut flora, they activate azo pro-drugs, which are used for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, releasing the active component 5-aminosalycilic acid. The bacterium P. aeruginosa has three azoreductase genes, paAzoR1, paAzoR2 and paAzoR3, which as recombinant enzymes have been shown to have different substrate specificities. The mechanism of azoreduction relies upon tautomerisation of the substrate to the hydrazone form. We report here the characterization of the P. aeruginosa azoreductase enzymes, including determining their thermostability, cofactor preference and kinetic constants against a range of their favoured substrates. The expression levels of these enzymes during growth of P. aeruginosa are altered by the presence of azo substrates. It is shown that enzymes that were originally described as azoreductases, are likely to act as NADH quinone oxidoreductases. The low sequence identities observed among NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and azoreductase enzymes suggests convergent evolution.
Benzoquinones ; metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Enzyme Stability ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flavins ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Kinetics ; Mesalamine ; chemistry ; NAD ; metabolism ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases ; chemistry ; NADP ; metabolism ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenylhydrazines ; chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Protein Binding ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; enzymology ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

OBJECTIVETo investigate Siwu decoction and its composite drugs on the blood-deficiency model mice induced by acetylphenyhydrazine and cyclophosphamide.

METHODAcetylphenyhydrazine and cyclophosphamide were used to copy the blood-deficiency model mice. Automatic hematology analyzer was used to test the peripheral hemogram. Weighting method was used to test the liver index and spleen index; Kits for ATPase test was used to test the activities of Na+ - K+ - ATPase/Ca2+ - Mg2+ - ATPase in erythrocyte membrane. Flow cytometry was used to test the bone marrow cells' cell cycle.

RESULTAngelicar Sinensis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba had the most effective activity on the peripheral hemogram. Paeoniae Radix Alba, the drug pair including Angelicar Sinensis Radix and the drug- group including Paeoniae Radix Alba had the most effective activity on the liver index. All the drugs, drug-pairs, drug-groups and the formula had effect on the spleen index. To the activity of Na+ - K+ - ATPase in erythrocyte membrane, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, the drug-pairs and drug-groups including Angelicar Sinensis Radix exhibited the most effective activity. All the drugs, drug-pairs, drug-groups and the formula had the protective effect on the damaged bone marrow cells.

CONCLUSIONSiwu decoction and its composite drugs all had effect on the blood-deficiency model mice, but the action intensity was different. Angelicar Sinensis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba exhibited the most effective activity to the protection of the blood-deficiency model mice.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Angelica sinensis ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Paeonia ; Phenylhydrazines ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThrough establishing different blood deficiency animal model, to evaluate enriching blood effect changes of the drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma and each single herb, and to explore the effect characteristics of their compatibility.

METHODThree different methods of acetyl phenylhydrazine (APH) hemolytic method, cyclophosphamide (CTX) chemical damage method, APH-CTX complex method were used respectively to copy different blood deficiency model mice. Changes of orbit blood routine, thymus index, spleen index and ATPase activity of red cell membrane of model mice were tested.

RESULTCompared with normal group, all indexes had significant differences in three model mice. The drug pair and each single herb had significant impact on most indexes of the APH-CTX complex model mice, and on the individual indexes of APH hemolytic model mice and CTX chemical damage model mice. Therefore, APH and CTX complex blood deficiency model was more suitable for the enriching blood mechanism study of the drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Compared with the single herb of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, the drug pair of them had presented enriching blood effect at different extent with strengthening trend in regulating the invigorating blood indexes, immune organs and energy metabolic enzymes.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this research have provided scientific basis for revealing the mutual promotive composition law of the drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and responded effectively the mult-link and mult-target effect characteristics of Chinese medicine bio-effect, to offer reference for the bio-effect research of the complicated substance group of Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine formulae, and to supply demonstrative reference for researching the formulae compatibility law which takes the single drug-drug pair-formulae as main line.

Administration, Oral ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cyclophosphamide ; pharmacology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Hemoglobins ; drug effects ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Phenylhydrazines ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Spleen ; drug effects ; immunology ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; immunology