OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of bisphenol-A (BPA) on blastocyst development and implantation.

METHODSAccording to completely randomized grouping method, 90 pregnant mice were divided into 100, 300, and 600 mg/(kg·d)BPA groups and control group. BPA-treated pregnant mice were orally administered with BPA at concentrations of 100, 300 and 600 mg/(kg·d) from day 0.5 to day 3.5 of their pregnancy. Blastocyst implantation and development were studied.

RESULTSIn the 300 mg/(kg·d) BPA group, the number of implantation sites and implantation rate were significantly decreased. In the 600 mg/(kg·d) group, no implantation sites were observed among pregnant mice and BPA inhibited embryo implantation. Blastocyst development on day 4 was examined, and findings showed that the development rate and total numbers of blastocysts in BPA treatment groups had no significant difference from the control group. However, BPA at 300 and 600 mg/(kg·d) significantly reduced blastocyst hatching rate and dramatically increased the number of blastocyst apoptotic cells when compared with those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONBPA at a high concentration damages the blastocyst development before implantation and inhibits embryo implantation.

Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Blastocyst ; drug effects ; Embryo Implantation ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Pregnancy

Generally, mammalian cells and living tissues can be cryopreserved in a frozen state at very low temperatures over a long storage term. The survival rate of cell suspensions is often acceptable however, living tissues suffer a variety of injuries. In this paper, it was demonstrated that the addition of polyphenols extracted from green tea to conventional cell culture medium and tissue compatible liquid, can control cell proliferation and also preserve tissues for several months at ordinary room temperature, including such tissues as blood vessels, cartilage, islet cells and corneas. This protocol allows a non-frozen living tissue bank to be established using the preservation fluid described.
Animals ; Flavonoids/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Organ Preservation Solutions/*pharmacology ; Phenols/*pharmacology ; Tea/*chemistry ; *Tissue Banks ; *Tissue Preservation ; *Tissue Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo design and synthesize a series of squamosamide cyclic analogues and to test their antioxidation activity.

METHODSEleven 3-substituted indole-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesized through 9 steps with p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as the starting material and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.

RESULTSEleven compounds showed antioxidation activity and the activities of compounds 9 and 13 matches the positive control FLZ-52.

CONCLUSIONCyclic reconstruction with FLZ-52 as the lead compound have some antioxidation activity.

Animals ; Annonaceae ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzeneacetamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Phenols ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of nonylphenol on brain gene expression profiles in F1 generation rats by microarray technique.

METHODSmRNA was extracted from the brain of 2-day old F1 generation male rats whose F0 female generation was either exposed to nonylphenol or free from nonylphenol exposure, and then it was reversely transcribed to cDNA labeled with cy5 and cy3 fluorescence. Subsequently, cDNA probes were hybridized to two BiostarR-40S cDNA gene chips and fluorescent signals of cy5 and cy3 were scanned and analyzed. Results Two genes were differentially down-regulated.

CONCLUSIONNonylphenol may disturb the neuroendocrine function of male rats when administered perinatally.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Male ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To date, 205 compounds have been identified from different medicinal parts of Eucommia ulmoides, including lignans, iridoid terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids, polysaccharides and others. Their pharmacological effects include blood pressure-lowering, blood sugar-lowering, blood lipids-regulating, prevention of osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, liver protection, anti-cancer and so on. Their efficacy and mechanism from different parts are slightly different. In this paper, the chemical composition, pharmacological action and mechanism of different parts of E. ulmoides were systematically summarized, as well as its quality control and processing research, to provide theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of E. ulmoides.
Eucommiaceae/chemistry* ; Flavonoids ; Iridoids ; Lignans ; Phenols ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Polysaccharides ; Steroids ; Terpenes

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of acteoside on SK-N-SH nerve cell injury induced by okadaic acid (OA).

METHODSK-N-SH nerve cells were processed with 20 nmol * L OA to establish the Alzheimer's disease (AD) cellular model, and 5, 10, 20 mg . L-1 acteoside was used to antagonize against its effect. Cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope. The cell survival rate was detected with MTT, and the LDH release rate was measured by enzyme label kit. Western blot was applied to determine the expression of phosphorylation tau proteins in nerve cells.

RESULTThe acteoside could significantly improve SK-N-SH cell morphology, enhance the cell survival rate, decrease the cell LDH release rate and the expression of phosphorylated tau proteins at p-Ser 199/202 and p-Ser 404 sites, up-regulated the expression of at non-phosphorylated tau proteins at Ser 202 site and Ser 404 sites.

CONCLUSIONActeoside has significant protective effect on nerve cell injury induced by OA.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Okadaic Acid ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; tau Proteins ; metabolism

The endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica S5 derived from the semi-mangrove plant Myoporum bontioides was fermented. Its metabolites were purified by column chromatography. Nine compounds were obtained and identified as terezine P(1), 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one(2), methylhydroheptelidate(3), hydroheptelidic acid(4), 5, 7-dimethoxy-4, 6-dimethylphthalide(5),(3R,4S)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein(6), pestalopyrone(7), indole-3-formaldehyde(8) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(9) by spectroscopic techniques. Terezine P(1) was a new alkaloid belonging to the terezine class with a pyrazine ring. Compounds 2-7 were lactones, of which 3 and 4 belonged to sesquiterpenes. Compounds 8 and 9 were indole alkaloids and phenols, respectively. Compounds 3-6 were purified from Nigrospora sp. for the first time. These compounds showed different degrees of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli of O6 serotype and E. coli of O78 serotype.
Alkaloids ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Ascomycota/chemistry* ; Escherichia coli ; Formaldehyde ; Indoles/pharmacology* ; Lactones ; Molecular Structure ; Myoporum/microbiology* ; Phenols ; Pyrazines ; Sesquiterpenes

Liriope (Liliaceae) species have been used as folk medicines in Asian countries since ancient times. From Liriope plants (8 species), a total of 132 compounds (except polysaccharides) have been isolated and identified, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. The crude extracts or monomeric compounds from this genus have been shown to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The present review summarizes the results on phytochemical and biological studies on Liriope plants. The chemotaxonomy of this genus is also discussed.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Liriope Plant ; chemistry ; Medicine, Traditional ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology

Salidroside is an extract from Rhodiola crenulata as well as one of major active constituents. In studies of recent years, salidroside showed multiple effects in protecting nerves, scavenging free radicals, regulating central nervous system neurotransmitter, increasing the ability to promote nerve repair and modulating of apoptosis-related gene expression. Hence, it is expected to be applied in treating degenerative nerve diseases and brain ischemic diseases. This essay summarizes studies on pharmacological effects of salidroside on nerve system diseases, providing reference for further studies, development and application of R. crenulata.
Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salidroside on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMMSC) apoptosis induced by cytarabine C (Ara-C) and its mechanism, hBMMSC were cultured in vitro and isolated by Fircoll density gradient centrifugation; cell surface antigens were measured by flow cytometry; the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSC was tested and evaluated by specific staining methods. The proliferation and apoptosis of cells exposed to Ara- C were detected by MTT and flow cytometry respectively. The experiments were divided into 4 groups: control group, Ara-C group, salidroside group and Ara-C+salidroside group. The mRNA expression of BCL-2 and BAX was assayed by RT-PCR. The results showed that the adherent cells displayed spindle and fibroblast cell-like shape; the hBMMSC expressed CD44, CD71 and HLA-ABC, not expressed CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR; the hBMMSC successfully differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, which showed mineralization with von Kossa staining. Furthermore, liquid vacuoles were detected by oil red O staining; Ara- C exhibited a less inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hBMMSC treated with salidroside. The apoptosis of hBMMSC treated with salidroside were significantly higher as compared with control group (P < 0.05); RT-PCR results demonstrated that the BCL-2 expression was significantly down regulated but BAX mRNA expressions was up-regulated in Ara- C group as compared with those in the control group. Salidroside significantly inhibited the apoptosis of MSC and reversed the mRNA expression of BCL-2 and BAX. It is concluded that salidroside can inhibit the apoptosis of hBMMSC induced by Ara-C, its mechanism may be related with the regulation of BCL-2/BAX expression.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytarabine ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Phenols ; pharmacology