OBJECTIVETo investigate chemical constituents from an ethanolic extract of the branch of Fraxinus sieboldiana (Oleaceaue)

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.

RESULTFour phenolic and twelve phenylethanoidal glycosides were obtained and their structures were identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), osmanthuside H (5), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), calceolarioside B (10), calceolarioside A (11), ferruginoside A (12), isolugrandoside (13), acteoside (14), chiritotoside C (15), and plantasisoside (16).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4,9,12, 13 and 16 were obtained from the genus Fraxinus for the first time.

Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fraxinus ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phenol ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

The essential oils are fragrant products whose complex compositions are obtained from various parts of plants by dry or steam distillation. Plants with variable biological activities have been explored worldwide. The presence of a large number of phenols, terpenes and other aromatic compounds make essential oils more precise in their mode of action. Because of this, they are known to possess many biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory etc. In this article, we will review the published literature summarizing the chemistry of essential oils and their important biological activities.
Aromatherapy ; Chemistry ; Distillation ; Oils, Volatile ; Phenol ; Phenols ; Steam ; Terpenes

To compare the difference of total phenol of magnolia solid dispersion prepared by different methods. Hot melt extrusion, solvent evaporation method, and fusion-cooling method were used to prepare total phenol of Magnolia accessory solid dispersion, Plastone S-630 and HPC. The drug dispersion state in the prepared solid dispersion was evaluated with DSC and X-ray diffraction; FT-IR method was used to analyze the possible connections between drug and accessories. Finally, accelerated stability-in vivo dissolution test was use to compare the stability differences between these three processes. The results of DSC and X-ray diffraction showed that all of the drug in solid dispersion processed by three processes can exist in amorphous form; FT-IR results also could not distinguish the difference between the three processes; accelerated stability-in vivo dissolution test showed the stability of solid dispersion prepared by HPC was better than Plastone S-630, and the same kinds of materials solid dispersion prepared by hot melt extrusion showed a better stability than the other two processes.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Phenol ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVE: Comparing the differences in purity and yield among six methods of extracting human genomic DNA from whole blood, which included Classic Phenol-chloroform extraction, modified combined technique composed of improved Phenol-chloroform extraction and Chelex-100 extraction, Chelex-100 extraction, IQ, Qiagen and SP. METHODS: Ten samples of intravenous whole blood (5 mL/sample) were collected and human genomic DNA was extracted with these six methods. The purity and concentration of the DNA products were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and fluorescent quantitation technique, the yield was calculated and tested with statistical software. RESULTS: The Chelex-100 extraction was inferior in DNA purity to other methods while the other five methods showed no statistical difference. Modified combined technique was the poorest and IQ was the best in yield among the six methods of extraction. Statistical result showed that the extraction with high quality kits was better than that with classic Phenol-chloroform extraction, Chelex-100 extraction and modified combined technique composed of improved Phenol-chloroform. There was statistical difference between them. CONCLUSION Comparing to Phenol-chloroform extraction and Chelex-100 extraction, high quality kits are more useful in DNA extraction from forensic materials.
Chloroform/chemistry* ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Genomics/methods* ; Humans ; Phenol/chemistry* ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Resins, Synthetic/chemistry*

DNA extraction is a basic technology of molecular biology. The purity and the integrality of DNA structure are necessary for different experiments of gene engineering. As commonly used materials in the clinical detection, the fast, efficient isolation and extraction of genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells is very important for the inspection and analysis of clinical blood. At present, there are many methods for extracting DNA, such as phenol-chloroform method, salting out method, centrifugal adsorption column chromatography method (artificial methods), magnetic beads (semi-automatic method) and DNA extraction kit. In this article, a brief review of the principle for existing DNA blood extraction method, the specific steps and the assessment of the specific methods briefly are summarized.
DNA ; isolation & purification ; Genomics ; Humans ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; chemistry ; Molecular Biology ; methods ; Phenol

The methods to determine the total phenols, total saponins, and marker constituents salidroside, chlorogenic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in the samples of Sargentodoxae Caulis were established to provide the evidence for the improvement and revision of the quality standard of the crude material recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition). The content of total phenols was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using gallic acid as a reference substance. The content of total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl] asiatic acid as a reference substance. The contents of salidroside, chlorogenic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were detected by HPLC. The linear ranges were 1.01-7.04 mg x L(-1) for total phenols, 37.7-201 μg for total saponins, 0.025 8-1.55 μg for salidroside, 0.076 2-5.44 μg for chlorogenic acid, and 0.064 9-3.47 μg for 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-βP-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. Their average recoveries were 99.12%, 99.11% 105.5%, 99.08%, and 101.6%, respectively. The contents of total phenols and total saponins were 3. 04% -11. 9% and 0. 87% -3. 63%. The contents of salidroside, chlorogenic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside fluctuated from 0.018% to 0. 572%, from 0.041% to 1.75% and from 0.035% to 1.32%. The established methods were reproducible, and they could be used for the quality control of Sargentodoxae Caulis. The present investigation suggested that total phenols, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid should be recorded in the quality standard of Sargentodoxae Caulis and their contents should not be less than 6.8% for total phenols, 0.040% for salidroside, and 0.21% for chlorogenic acid.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Phenol ; analysis ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo optimize a simple and effective method for total RNA extraction from bulblet of Fritillaria anhuiensis.

METHODFour methods, i. e. guanidine isothiocyanate, bentonite, modified SDS/phenol and the RNAiso plus, were used to extract total RNA from bulblet of F. anhuiensis. Then the results of the extraction were compared and analyzed by electrophoresis detection and RT-PCR verification.

RESULTThe total RNA extracted by bentonite method were clear and no dispersion, the integrity of the RNA was well, and there was no obvious contamination with DNA and other impurities, was suitable for RT-PCR test.

CONCLUSIONThe bentonite method is quick, economic, and efficient for total RNA extraction from bulblet of F. anhuiensis.

Bentonite ; chemistry ; DNA, Complementary ; analysis ; Electrophoresis ; Fritillaria ; genetics ; Guanidines ; chemistry ; Isothiocyanates ; chemistry ; Phenol ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA, Plant ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; chemistry ; Time Factors

A simple and rapid method for preparation of plasmid DNA from overnight incubation was introduced. It does not require any additional reagents; the incubation mixture containing recombinant plasmid DNA was just mixed with H2O and phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol in certain ratio. After vortexing and spinning of the mixture, the supernatant could be directly loaded onto agarose gel and analyzed using electrophoresis. The whole preparation requires only 3-5 minutes. So to quickly screen recombinant clones, this method is better compared with traditional methods.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chloroform ; chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Pentanols ; chemistry ; Phenol ; chemistry ; Plasmids ; chemistry ; genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Time Factors ; Water ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To establish an effective phenol-chloroform method coupled with paramagnetic particle method for human DNA extraction from maggot crop contents in STR genotyping. METHODS: Human DNA was extracted from the maggot crop contents using phenol-chloroform method and purified by paramagnetic particle method. DNA was quantified by PCR with Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification Kit using 7500 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument. PCR products were genotyped by AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit using 3130XL-Avant genetic analyzer. RESULTS: The template DNA yield by the method described were increased at least 2 times than the phenol-chloroform extraction method alone. All of the full 16 STR profiles could be obtained with the samples extracted by this method when the DNA yield reached (0.218 +/- 0.041) ng/microL. CONCLUSION Phenol-chloroform method coupled with paramagnetic particle method can effectively increase the sensitivity of STR analysis of human DNA recovered from maggot crop contents and is a valuable tool for forensic entomology.
Animals ; Cadaver ; Chloroform/chemistry* ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Fingerprinting/methods* ; Diptera/genetics* ; Entomology/methods* ; Forensic Sciences/methods* ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Larva/genetics* ; Phenol/chemistry* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

The detrimental effects of environmental pollutants on the health of the individual are generally accepted, although the mechanisms of these effects remain to be incompletely understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of B[a]P, 2-BP, phenol and TCDD on proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in mice spleen cells which were stimulated with anti-CD3. 10-9M TCDD increased IFN gammar and TNF alpha gene expression, but suppressed IL-1 gene expression. 10-6M phenol inhibited IL-1, IL-6 and TNF alpha gene expression, and 10-6M of 2-BP downregulated TNF alpha gene expression. However, 10-6M of B[a]P did not influence on IL-1, IL-6, IFN gammar and TNF alpha gene expression. These findings suggest that TCDD may impair the immune functions of mice by enhancing proinflammatory cytokines production, whereas phenol and 2-BP may impair the functions by inhibiting the production of these cytokines.
Animals ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Benzo(a)pyrene/*toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated/*toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Phenol/*toxicity ; RNA/chemistry/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spleen/*drug effects/metabolism ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*toxicity