A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was applied for the quantification of each component: tetrahydropalmatine (THP), dehydrocorydaline (DHC), salvianolic acid B (SAB), ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rd in the Chinese herbal component SSTG (Shuangshentongguan) with different combinations. The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed with WinNonlin 5.2 software. The results showed that combination can increase the THP AUC value while the AUC values of SAB, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rd were reduced. These results showed significant differences. The AUC value of ginsenoside Rb1 was increased when combined with Danshen or Yanhusuo, but reduced when combined with Danshen and Yanhusuo. The DHC concentration in serum was too low to be determined.
Benzofurans ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacokinetics ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical effectiveness of Compound Danshen Injection (CDI) in treating patients with early onset severe preeclampsia.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty patients with early onset severe preeclampsia were recruited and their gestational age ranged between 26 and 34 weeks. Sixty patients who volunteered to receive CDI were recruited as the treatment group, while 60 inpatients were recruited as the control group at the same time period. The routine therapy was given to those in the control group. CDI was intravenously dripped to those in the treatment group additionally by adding in 250 mL 5% glucose injection, once daily. The treatment for all lasted for 7 successive days. The D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen (Fg), hematocrit (HCT), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), mean arterial pressure (MAP), 24 h urine volume (UV), 24 h urine protein (24 hUP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), umbilical arterial S/D ratio (S/D), and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The placenta weight (PW), neonatal weight (NW), 1 min Apgar scoring were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere was no difference in DD, Fg, HCT, t-PA, PAI-1, MAP, UV, 24 hUP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, apoA1, apoB, S/D, or AFI between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). In the treatment group PAI-1, Fg, and 24 hUP decreased more after treatment, and they were lower than those of the control group after treatment. The UV and AFI increased and they were higher than those of the control group after treatment with statistical difference shown (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the control group the UV increased and 24 hUP decreased after treatment (P<0.01). There was no improvement in the rest indices (P>0.05). The PW, NW,and 1 min Apgar score > or = 7 were all higher in the treatment group than in the control group, showing statistical difference (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCDI was helpful to improve the high condensation state of patients with early onset severe preeclampsia, protect important organs of the mother, and improve the prognosis of neonates.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Phenanthrolines ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Pre-Eclampsia ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for monitoring the quality of intermediates generated in each working procedure during the production process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) , in order to ensure the batch-to-batch quality consistency of TCM products.

METHODThe multistage multivariate statistic quality control (MMSQC) was proposed to monitor production quality of TCMs based on multivariate data analysis technique. Hotelling T2 and SPE were adopted for monitoring the quality of intermediates generated in each working procedure. Danshen injection was taken as the example to introduce the application method of MMSQC.

RESULTMMSQC can monitor the quality of intermediates generated in multiple working procedures, which is simpler and more accurate compared with single-indicator monitoring method.

CONCLUSIONMMSQC can be popularized to monitor quality of multistage production of TCMs.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Phenanthrolines ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the anaphylactoid effect of Danshen injection and its components on guinea pig.

METHODApplying active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) tests, the corresponding experimental injections were administrated to guinea pigs to sensitized, and allergen with double doses was injected to stimulate in the 11 days after the last sensitized. The anaphylaxis situation of guinea pigs was observed.

RESULTDanshen injection and its components are suspicion on guinea pigs, while negative reaction was observed on guinea pigs which injected by the liquid excipients of Danshen injection.

CONCLUSIONDanshen injection using the ultrafiltration method still have some antigenic impurities which cannot be removed completely, and this may be one of the reasons for anaphylactic reaction.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Injections ; methods ; Male ; Phenanthrolines ; toxicity ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; toxicity

As traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation products feature complex compounds and multiple preparation processes, the implementation of quality control in line with the characteristics of TCM preparation products provides a firm guarantee for the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM preparation products. Danshen infusion solution is a preparation commonly used in clinic, but its quality control is restricted to indexes of finished products, which can not guarantee its inherent quality. Our study group has proposed "multi-dimensional structure and process dynamics quality control system" on the basis of "component structure theory", for the purpose of controlling the quality of Danshen infusion solution at multiple levels and in multiple links from the efficacy-related material basis, the safety-related material basis, the characteristics of dosage form to the preparation process. This article, we bring forth new ideas and models to the quality control of TCM preparation products.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Mice ; Phenanthrolines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of copper-phenanthroline (CuOP) on pentachlorophenol (PCP)-induced adaptation and cell death of Escherichia coli.

METHODSBacterial growth and adaptation to PCP were monitored spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. Inactivation of bacterial cells was determined from colony count on agar dishes. Cellular ATP content and accumulation of PCP were assessed by chemiluminescence and HPLC analysis respectively. The formation of PCP-Cu-OP complex was shown by UV-visible spectra.

RESULTSEscherichia coli (E. coli) could adapt to PCP, a wood preservative and insecticide used in agriculture. The adaptation of E. coli to PCP prevented its death to the synergistic cytotoxicity of CuOP plus PCP and declined cellular accumulation and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation of PCP. Furthermore, CuOP and PCP neither produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) nor had a synergistic effect on uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in E. coli. The synergistic cytotoxicity of CuOP and PCP in E. coli might be due to the formation of lipophilic PCP-Cu-OP complex.

CONCLUSIONOur data suggested that adaptation of E. coli to PCP decreased the synergistic effects of CuOP and PCP on prokaryotic cell death due to the formation of lipophilic PCP-Cu-OP complex, but it had no effect on the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and production of reactive oxygen species in E. coli.

Adaptation, Physiological ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Copper ; pharmacology ; Cytotoxins ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Synergism ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pentachlorophenol ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the scavenging effects of Lu-Duo-Wei, thiourea, superoxide dismutase, and sodium azide on carbon disulfide-induced generation of hydroxyl radicals.

METHODSPhenanthroline-CuSO(4)-Vit C-H(2)O(2) chemiluminescence system (PHEN system) containing alcohol was established to probe the influence of various concentrations of carbon disulfide on hydroxyl radicals emission intensity and the scavenging effects of Lu-Duo-Wei and other antioxidants on carbon disulfide-induced hydroxyl radicals were observed.

RESULTSThe average emission intensity of PHEN system containing alcohol appeared lower luminescence [91.03 x 10(3) (cp6s)] and longer time (75 s) to get the peak than the system without alcohol [96.11 x 10(3) (cp6s), 55 s]. The specific scavenger of hydroxyl radical, thiourea, showed clear inhibitory effect on the system. Carbon disulfide in the range of 40 - 160 mmol/L promoted the generation of hydroxyl radical, however, this effect could be efficiently inhibited by thiourea. 160 mmol/L carbon disulfide in PHEN system without copper seemed as an activator to promote the luminescence, while in PHEN system withdrawing phenanthroline appeared some weak action of luminescence agent at low concentration. Meanwhile, Lu-Duo-Wei may efficiently scavenge hydroxyl radicals induced by carbon disulfide in PHEN system but superoxide dismutase and sodium azide had little effects on the system.

CONCLUSIONCarbon disulfide may induce PHEN system to generate hydroxyl radicals and Lu-Duo-Wei may efficiently scavenge these free radicals and play an important role in protection against oxidative injury induced by carbon disulfide.

Carbon Disulfide ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Hydroxyl Radical ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Luminescent Measurements ; Phenanthrolines ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; pharmacology ; Thiourea ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study protective effect and pathogenesis of complex salvia miltiorrhiza (DanShen) on acute mercury poisoning in rabbits.

METHODSModels of acute mercury poisoning was made in rabbits. The effect of complex salvia miltiorrhiza on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), copper-protein (CP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte and MDA, SOD in tissues homogenate were observed.

RESULTSThe administration of complex salvia miltiorrhiza after mercury injection 0.5 h and 9.5 h, decreased BUN, CP, MDA, LDH and ACP, and prevented the reduction of SOD. Compared with mercury poisoning group, the difference was statistical significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that acute mercury poisoning may result in renal damage but also multiple organ tissues, and complex salvia miltiorrhiza possesses protective effect, through stabilized membranes.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Mercury Poisoning ; blood ; drug therapy ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Salvia miltiorrhiza

Patent network of Chinese patent medicines is a patent group composed of several correlated patents around basic patents or core technologies characterized by traditional Chinese medicine technologies. With the clue of Tianjin Tasly Group's acquisition of seven compound Danshen patents characterized by extract feeds of Beijing Cairui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., we made an analysis on how Tasly builds a patent network themed on compound Danshen preparation products characterized by extract feeds, in hope of providing reference for other Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise to establish and improve key patent networks of traditional Chinese medicines.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; methods ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Patents as Topic ; Phenanthrolines ; analysis ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway in the regulation of Compound Danshen Injection (CDI) induced AQP3 expression in the human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs).

METHODShAECs of term pregnancy with normal amniotic fluid volume (AFV) or isolated oligohydramnios were primarily cultured. And the cells were equally divided into four groups, i.e., the vehicle control group, the U0126 group, the CDI group, the CDI + U0126 group. The expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and AQP3 in hAECs were detected using Western blot analysis.

RESULTS(1) When compared with the control group, the expression level of p-ERK1/2 in hAECs in those with normal AFV and oligohydramnios obviously decreased in the U0126 group (P < 0.05). The expression level of p-ERK1/2 could be elevated in the CDI group (P < 0.05). The expression level of p-ERK1/2 in hAECs was higher in the CDI +U0126 group than in the U0126 group, but lower in the CDI + U0126 group than in the CDI group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no obvious change in AQP3 expression in hAECs with normal AFV between the U0126 group and the vehicle control group (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the expression level of AQP3 between the CDI group and the U0126 +CDI group (P > 0.05), but they were higher than those in the vehicle control group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the vehicle control group, the expression level of AQP3 in hAECs with oligohydramnios significantly decreased in the U0126 group and increased in the CDI group (P < 0.05). The expression level of AQP3 was lower in the U0126 + CDI group than in the CDI group, but higher in the U0126 +CDI group than in the U0126 group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCDI could regulate AQP3 expression level in hAECs with oligohydramnios via activating the MAPK-ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway.

Amnion ; cytology ; Aquaporin 3 ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacology