Animals ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pharmacogenetics ; trends ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Chemogenomics/chemical genomics has been widely used in novel drug research and discovery. Firstly, the concept of chemogenomics was introduced briefly. Secondly, we reviewed the progress of novel drug research and discovery based on forward chemogenomics, reverse chemogenomics and predictive chemogenomics. Finally, we showed progress of the research that chemogenomics has been used to novel drug research and discovery in pharmaceuticals companies.
Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Drug Industry ; trends ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics ; methods

Understanding the interactions between numerous chemical compounds of herbs or herbal formulae and complex biological systems related with diseases or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes is one of great dilemmas in current studies on TCM. To address such a difficult issue, we propose a novel concept and methodology of "Network Target" based on our previous works and from the perspective of network pharmacology as well as systems biology. The network target treats a disease-specific biomolecular network as a target to help design and predict the best possible treatments. Focused on mapping disease phenotypes and herbal compounds into biomolecular networks and then calculating, analyzing and predicting the mechanism of their mutual interactions, the network target approaches will facilitate discovery of effective compounds and their combinations, elucidation of mechanistic relationships between herbal formulae and diseases or TCM syndromes, and development of rational drug designs for TCM. In this paper, our recent progresses on the methodology of Network Target and its applications in herbal medicine are reviewed to provide reference for the coming TCM network pharmacology.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; drug effects ; genetics ; Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenomics, a new subject aiming to elucidate genetic basis for inter individual differences in response on a drug and to predict the safety and efficacy of drugs by the genetic information, which guides to clinical individual therapy, breaks a new way to apply drugs rationally to acute leukemia. This article reviewed the enzymes related to metabolism, transport and acting point of the drugs used in the treatment of acute leukemia and discussed the influence of their coding gene's polymorphism on drug adverse effects and disease prognosis.
Acute Disease ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Pharmacogenetics ; trends

Individual response to drugs, toxicants, environmental chemicals and allergens varies with genotype. Some respond well to these substances without significant consequences, while others may respond strongly with severe consequences and even death. Toxicogenetics and toxicogenomics as well as pharmacogenetics explain the genetic basis for the variations of individual response to toxicants by sequencing the human genome and large-scale identification of genome polymorphism. The new disciplines will provide a new route for forensic specialists to determine the cause of death.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics* ; Drug Hypersensitivity/genetics* ; Forensic Medicine ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics* ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics/trends* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Toxicogenetics/trends*