OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of two vehicles for nebulized salbutamol in treatment of asthma exacerbations with Meta-analysis.

METHODSAll relevant randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) with isotonic magnesium sulphate and saline as vehicles for inhaled salbutamol in treatment of asthma exacerbations were searched. A Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the results of the two therapies.

RESULTFive relevant RCTs from literature were collected and total 219 cases were included for analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that the significant improvements were obtained from isotonic magnesium sulphate as a vehicle for nebulized salbutamol, in comparison with saline [pooled standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.55(95% CI 0.28 - 0.83), P <0.001]. By further subgroup analysis, this change was properly significant in the subgroup of severe patients with their baseline FEV1% <30% [FEV1 weighted mean difference (WMD)=0.72 L(95% CI 0.30 L - 1.14 L), P <0.01]. The pooled results of vital signs between two vehicles did not demonstrate statistical significance. Overall, the risk of admission to hospital was not statistically reduced in patients using magnesium sulphate, who presented to the emergency department with an asthma exacerbation [pooled RR=0.64(95% CI 0.38 - 1.08), P >0.05].

CONCLUSIONCompared with saline,the use of isotonic magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to nebulize salbutamol is a beneficial therapy with improving spirometric airway function in the severe asthma exacerbation.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; administration & dosage ; Albuterol ; administration & dosage ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium Sulfate ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Pharmaceutical Vehicles ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the different permeation enhancers on the transdermal permeation of Xiao'er Niuhuang tuire cataplasms (XNTC).

METHODUsing improved franz-type diffusion cell with excised rat skin in vitro as the transdermal barrier, the content of permeated geniposide was determined by HPLC to study the kinetic parameters such as cumulative permeation quantity and permeation rate.

RESULTThe result showed that the process of penetrating of geniposide in XNTC through skin could be in accordance with zero-rade releasing equation and XNTC was stable during the course of experiment.

CONCLUSION5% Propylene glycol (PG)-azone (2:3) has the best permeation-enhancing effect, and the results provided a primary basis for the future research on Xiao'er Niuhuang tuire cataplasms.

Animals ; Azepines ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Vehicles ; pharmacology ; Propylene Glycol ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDIn recent years the interest of sustained drug delivery into inner ear is promising, at the same time a great deal of novel oral drugs using biodegradable vehicles have been produced to achieve sustained drug release. The aim of this study was to use biodegradable vehicles to release dexamethasone in the round window membrane application.

METHODSDexamethasone gels composed of alginate and chitin were prepared and the release-permeating profiles were studied using a reproducible in vitro apparatus. A longer-period time course was simulated using the parameters acquired in this study. The data obtained in this study was compared with those of other studies in intratympanic drug delivery, and an appropriate initial dosage was extrapolated.

RESULTSThe combination of alginate and chitin could efficiently restrict dexamethasone diffusion and the time course suggested a sustained drug concentration within 24 hours. A higher initial dosage was estimated to achieve a stable therapeutic concentration in vivo.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of alginate and chitin could be used as vehicle for sustained release of dexamethasone in intratympanic application.

Alginates ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Glucuronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Guinea Pigs ; Hexuronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Permeability ; Pharmaceutical Vehicles ; Round Window, Ear ; metabolism

Total paeony glycoside (TPG) is extracted and purified from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It has many biological and pharmacological activities. However, there are few dosage forms of TPG in the market because of its low bioavailability. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is a vital tool in solving low bioavailability of poor absorption drugs. So the objective of this study is to develop a new TPG-SMEDDS for the oral delivery of poorly soluble TPG. Through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, the optimum prescription was obtained, which consisted of 18.70% TPG, 16.27% ethyl oleate as oil, 43.34% Cremophor RH40 as surfactant and 21.73% Transcutol P as cosurfactant. The characterizations of TPG-SMEDDS including morphological characterization, droplet size, zeta-potential, emulsification time, and dissolution study of TPG-SMEDDS were evaluated. The results showed that TPG-SMEDDS is stable and its release rate is high in four different media (0.1 mol x L(-1) HCl, pH 6.8 PBS, pH 7.4 PBS, and water). The relative bioavailability of SMEDDS was dramatically enhanced in an average of 1.52-fold that of TPG-suspension. It is concluded that the bioavailability of TPG is enhanced greatly by SMEDDS.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Emulsions ; Ethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Oleic Acids ; chemistry ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Pharmaceutical Vehicles ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Rats ; Solubility

Lipoproteins are biological lipids carriers. The natural and reconstituted lipoprotein based drug delivery systems have been extensively developed in recent years. This article reviews the development of natural and reconstituted low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein based vehicles in the antitumor area.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Apolipoproteins B ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Peptides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Vehicles ; chemistry

AIMTo investigate the permeation mechanism of paclitaxel by enhancers and preparation factors.

METHODSThe fluidity of mucous membrane and membrane protein conformation changes were determined by using electron spin resonance (ESR) when mucous membrane was treated by several enhancers. At the same time, the factors of penetration of lower dissolution drug across the intestinal mucous membrane were studied in three formulas inclusion complex, microemulsion and injection.

RESULTSPolyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and phospholipid as enhancers could reinforce the permeation of paclitaxle because of loosening of protein conformation in intestinal mucous membrane. Paclitaxel-HP-beta-CD inclusion complex and paclitaxel microemulsion as vehicle could significantly increased permeation kinetic rate of paclitaxel with fluid diffuse method.

CONCLUSIONCharacteristics of enhancing intestinal absorption of poor dissolution drug had been provided with enhancer the change of membrane fluid.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Synergism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Emulsions ; Injections ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Pharmaceutical Vehicles ; pharmacology ; Phospholipids ; pharmacology ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; pharmacology

We present a case of a 27-year-old female with T2 DM who developed allergic reactions after commencement of insulin therapy. Trial with different types of insulin resulted in a series of allergic reactions ranging from urticarial rash to development of angioedema, bronchospasm and anaphylactic shock. She was successfully treated with a modified insulin desensitization protocol using rapid-acting insulin.
Excipients

No abstract available.
Excipients* ; Radioimmunotherapy*

Nifedipine sustained release formulations were made with HPMC, Carbopol, Lycatab, Avicel and magnesi stearat. The effects of the three excipients: HPMC, carbopol, lycatab on the drug release from the formulations were studied. The dissolution profile of a tablet formulation was found to be similar to that of adalat retard 20mg by optimization method and the statistical analysis. This formulation may be used in producing of nifedipine sustained release tablets.
Nifedipine ; Excipients

Study quality of 10 tapioca starch samples, which were used to make excipient pill in some medicine enterprises in Ha Noi and Central area based on of standard II part 3 of Vietnam pharmacopoeia and 24 America pharmacopoeia. Result showed: most of tapioca starch that used to make excipient in the enterprises had low quality. The study constructed elaboration of refinement method for jambose tapioca starch come up to starch of jambose standard of America pharmacopoiea 24. Base on the process of purify tapioca starch can purify tapioca starch with big size and get to high quality.
Starch ; Excipients ; Pharmacopoeias