No abstract available.
Phantom Limb

No abstract available.
Amputees* ; Humans ; Phantom Limb*

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is difficult to control, and patients frequently exhibit inadequate relief from medications or encounter unbearable side effects. We present here a novel application of erector spinae plane (ESP) block to manage PLP. Our patient is a 23-year-old, college student, diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma of the right humerus who underwent a right shoulder disarticulation. He reported PLP despite multimodal analgesia postoperatively. An ESP block using a high-frequency linear probe ultrasound was performed. A G23 spinal needle was advanced inplane toward the right T3 transverse process. After negative aspiration, 20 mL of therapeutic solution containing bupivacaine 0.25%, lidocaine 1%, epinephrine 5 mcg/ml, and 40 mg methylprednisolone was injected. After the procedure, the patient reported that his PLP went down to NRS 1/10. He consistently reported to have an NRS score of 0-1/10 on succeeding consultations despite discontinuation of opioid and pregabalin. In literature, ESP block has been used as a regional technique for shoulder disarticulation surgery and other neuropathic pain conditions, but no account has shown its use for PLP treatment. The procedure was successfully done to alleviate the upper extremity phantom limb pain, significantly reduce analgesic requirements, and improve tolerance of physical therapy and overall quality of life.
Phantom Limb ; Cancer Pain

Phantom limb pain is a painful sensation that is perceived in a body part that no longer exists. To control this pain, many methods have been used such as medication, physical treatment, nerve block, neuromodulation, surgical treatment and mirror therapy. However, until now, there effects have been uncertain. We report the successful reduction of phantom limb pain using mirror therapy when other treatments initially failed to control the pain.
Amputation ; Mirror Neurons ; Nerve Block ; Phantom Limb ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Cerebral Hemorrhage/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phantom Limb/*diagnosis

Tinnitus is a phantom sensation of sound in the absence of external stimulation. Since the mechanism of tinnitus is not clearly discovered, no currently available treatments are ideal. There have been many published studies which report that electrical stimulation has a suppressive effect on tinnitus. Although there is no consensus stimulation method and regimen, electrical stimulation has emerged as an interesting and promising modality for tinnitus relief. In this review, authors collected and analyzed articles on electrical stimulation and outlined various methods of noninvasive and invasive stimulation.
Consensus ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Electric Stimulation* ; Phantom Limb ; Tinnitus*

Since the phantom limb sensation was first described by the French military surgeon Ambroise Pare in the 16th century, the number of studies surrounding phantom limb pain has increased every year. Especially in recent decades, scientists have achieved a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of phantom limb pain. Although many hypotheses have been agreed and many treatments have been proven effective, scientists still do not have a very systematic understanding of the phantom limbs. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent researches focusing on phantom limb in order to discuss its definition, mechanisms, and treatments.
Amputation ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Phantom Limb ; etiology ; therapy

A 37-year-old man with a right transfemoral amputation suffered from severe phantom limb pain (PLP). After targeting the affected supplementary motor complex (SMC) or primary motor cortex (PMC) using a neuro-navigation system with 800 stimuli of 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at 85% of resting motor threshold, the 1 Hz rTMS over SMC dramatically reduced his visual analog scale (VAS) of PLP from 7 to 0. However, the 1 Hz rTMS over PMC failed to reduce pain. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a successfully treated severe PLP with a low frequency rTMS over SMC in affected hemisphere.
Adult ; Amputation ; Humans ; Motor Cortex ; Phantom Limb* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation* ; Visual Analog Scale

It is well documented that dorsal root entry zone(DREZ) lesions were good method to control intractable chronic deafferentation pain of spinal origin which was not controlled with various medical and surgical treatment. Experience with radiofrequency lesions of dorsal root entry zone in 3 of patients with post herpetic pain and 1 of patient with post amputation pain are reported. The follow-up period ranging from 3-20 months and all patients obtained satisfactory pain relief.
Amputation ; Causalgia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pain, Intractable* ; Phantom Limb ; Spinal Nerve Roots*

A majority of patients who sustain injuries to the peripheral sensory nerves of the face and jaws experience a slow but gradual return of sensation that is functional and tolerable, if not the same as before the injuries. However, long-term effects of such injuries are aggravating for many patients, and a few patients experience significant suffering. In some of these patients, posttraumatic symptoms become pathological and are painful. The predominant painful components are (1) numbing anesthesia dolorosa pain, (2) triggered neuralgiaform pain, (3) burning and aching causalgiaform pain, and (4) phantom pain. This is a case report of conservative management of traumatic neuralgia and neuritis as part of posttraumatic pain syndromes in geriatric patients who have undergone the teeth extraction and alveoloplasty.
Alveoloplasty* ; Anesthesia ; Burns ; Humans ; Jaw ; Neuralgia* ; Neuritis ; Phantom Limb ; Sensation ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth*