No abstract available.
Phantom Limb

No abstract available.
Amputees* ; Humans ; Phantom Limb*

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is difficult to control, and patients frequently exhibit inadequate relief from medications or encounter unbearable side effects. We present here a novel application of erector spinae plane (ESP) block to manage PLP. Our patient is a 23-year-old, college student, diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma of the right humerus who underwent a right shoulder disarticulation. He reported PLP despite multimodal analgesia postoperatively. An ESP block using a high-frequency linear probe ultrasound was performed. A G23 spinal needle was advanced inplane toward the right T3 transverse process. After negative aspiration, 20 mL of therapeutic solution containing bupivacaine 0.25%, lidocaine 1%, epinephrine 5 mcg/ml, and 40 mg methylprednisolone was injected. After the procedure, the patient reported that his PLP went down to NRS 1/10. He consistently reported to have an NRS score of 0-1/10 on succeeding consultations despite discontinuation of opioid and pregabalin. In literature, ESP block has been used as a regional technique for shoulder disarticulation surgery and other neuropathic pain conditions, but no account has shown its use for PLP treatment. The procedure was successfully done to alleviate the upper extremity phantom limb pain, significantly reduce analgesic requirements, and improve tolerance of physical therapy and overall quality of life.
Phantom Limb ; Cancer Pain

Phantom limb pain is a painful sensation that is perceived in a body part that no longer exists. To control this pain, many methods have been used such as medication, physical treatment, nerve block, neuromodulation, surgical treatment and mirror therapy. However, until now, there effects have been uncertain. We report the successful reduction of phantom limb pain using mirror therapy when other treatments initially failed to control the pain.
Amputation ; Mirror Neurons ; Nerve Block ; Phantom Limb ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Cerebral Hemorrhage/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phantom Limb/*diagnosis

Tinnitus is a phantom sensation of sound in the absence of external stimulation. Since the mechanism of tinnitus is not clearly discovered, no currently available treatments are ideal. There have been many published studies which report that electrical stimulation has a suppressive effect on tinnitus. Although there is no consensus stimulation method and regimen, electrical stimulation has emerged as an interesting and promising modality for tinnitus relief. In this review, authors collected and analyzed articles on electrical stimulation and outlined various methods of noninvasive and invasive stimulation.
Consensus ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Electric Stimulation* ; Phantom Limb ; Tinnitus*

Since the phantom limb sensation was first described by the French military surgeon Ambroise Pare in the 16th century, the number of studies surrounding phantom limb pain has increased every year. Especially in recent decades, scientists have achieved a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of phantom limb pain. Although many hypotheses have been agreed and many treatments have been proven effective, scientists still do not have a very systematic understanding of the phantom limbs. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent researches focusing on phantom limb in order to discuss its definition, mechanisms, and treatments.
Amputation ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Phantom Limb ; etiology ; therapy

People experience the feeling of the missing body part long after it has been removed after amputation are known as phantom limb sensations. These sensations can be painful, sometimes becoming chronic and lasting for several years (or called phantom pain). Medical treatment for these individuals is limited. Recent neurobiological investigations of brain plasticity after amputation have revealed new insights into the changes in the brain that may cause phantom limb sensations and phantom pain. In this article, I review recent progresses of the cortical plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a critical cortical area for pain sensation, and explore how they are related to abnormal sensory sensations such as phantom pain. An understanding of these alterations may guide future research into medical treatment for these disorders.
Amputation ; Animals ; Brain ; Depression ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Mice ; Phantom Limb ; Sensation

OBJECTIVE: The authors present dorsal root entry zone(DREZ) operations on deafferentation pain patients suffered from brachial plexus avulsion(BPA), phantom pain(PP) and postherpetic pain(PHP). METHODS: Eight patients(Six BPA, one PP and one PHP) underwent DREZ operations on the cervical, thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal cords. The patients were 7 men and 1 woman who were in between thirties and sixties. The lesions were made by inserting 2mm bare tip of standard type DREZ electrode connected to Radionics radiofrequency generator into the DREZ 45 degree off the sagittal plane. The tissue was heated to 75degrees C for 15 seconds. RESULTS: All BPA patients had immediate and long-lasting pain relief regardless of the duration and character of the pain but patients with PP and PHP complained rather aggravation of pain after the operation. CONCLUSION: DREZ operation is effective for BPA pain, however, it needs to have attention in performing this surgery for PP or PHP.
Brachial Plexus ; Causalgia* ; Electrodes ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Phantom Limb ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Nerve Roots

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Phantom Limb ; therapy