1.Inactivation and detoxification of pertussis vaccine by 0.1% formalin: Preliminary results
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2003;13(1):31-33
Using 0.1% formalin for inactivation and detoxification in the production of pertussis vaccine gave good results with 3 experimental lots PM10, PM11, and PM12 had high safety: MWG test was 76%-84.2% higher than control lots 62.4%, LPF test was 32,210-41,200 lower than control lot 58,600. The preliminary findings suggest these 3 experimental lots had less toxicity than standard and control lot. This method can be used in routine pertussis vaccine production
Pertussis Vaccine
;
vaccines
;
Whooping Cough
2.Production of pertussia vaccine in fermentor D.300 # 00171/99 at IVAC
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2003;13(6):10-14
4 lots of DPT mixte vaccine were produced with whooping-cough vaccine concentrated fluid by fermentor D300. The product was reached WHO and Hanoi National Controlled Centre criterion of safety and efficacy
Antigens, Bacterial
;
Pertussis Vaccine
3.Direct Medical Costs of Dengue Fever in Vietnam: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Nhung Thi Tuyet VO ; Trang Ngo Diem PHAN ; Trung Quang VO
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2017;24(3):66-72
Background: In Vietnam, dengue fever is a major health concern, yet comprehensive
information on its economic costs is lacking. The present study investigated treatment costs
associated with dengue fever from the perspective of health care provision.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2013 and December
2015 in Cu Chi General Hospital. The following dengue-related treatment costs were calculated:
hospitalisation, diagnosis, specialised services, drug usage and medical supplies. Average cost per
case and treatment cost across different age was calculated.
Results: In the study period, 1672 patients with dengue fever were hospitalised. The
average age was 24.98 (SD = 14.10) years, and 47.5% were males (795 patients). Across age groups,
the average cost per episode was USD 48.10 (SD = 3.22). The highest costs (USD 56.61, SD = 48.84)
were incurred in the adult age group (> 15 years), and the lowest costs (USD 30.10, SD = 17.27)
were incurred in the paediatric age group (< 15 years).
Conclusion: The direct medical costs of dengue-related hospitalisation place a severe
economic burden on patients and their families. The probable economic value of dengue
management in Vietnam is significant.
4.Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of rpoB and katG in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in central Vietnam
Thi Binh Nguyen NGUYEN ; Thi Kieu Diem NGUYEN ; Van Hue TRƯƠNG ; Thi Tuyet Ngoc TRAN ; Van Bao Thang PHAN ; Thi Tuyen NGUYEN ; Hoang Bach NGUYEN ; Viet Quynh Tram NGO ; Van Tuan MAI ; Paola MOLICOTTI
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 2023;14(5):347-355
Objectives:
Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB.
Methods:
In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed.
Results:
A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%).
Conclusion
To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.
5.Update on antibiotic resistance of common pathogenical bacteria isolated in Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital
Dinh Binh TRAN ; Viet Quynh Tram NGO ; Thi Bao Chi LE ; Thi Chau Anh NGUYEN ; Hoang Bach NGUYEN ; Van Bao Thang PHAN ; Thi Khanh Linh NGUYEN ; Nu Xuan Thanh LE ; Thi Dang Khoa NGUYEN ; Thi Tuyen NGUYEN ; Thi Thuy UNG ; Thi Hai DINH ; Thi Ngoc Mai DUONG ; Minh Ngoc HOANG ; Viet Tu NGUYEN ; Le Bich Ngoc HOANG ; Tuan Khoi TRAN ; Doan Hieu TRAN ; Thi Tuyet Ngoc TRAN ; Van An LE
Hue Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy 2023;13(7):66-74
Backgroud: The aim of this study is to update on antibiotic resistance of common pathogenical bacteria isolated in Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital (Hue UMP Hospital). Methodology: Use of the agar disk diffusion method to test the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 3709 bacterial strains from infected patients hospitalized in Hue UMP Hospital in 2020 - 2022. Results: Among 3709 strains of pathogenical bacteria isolated, S.aureus was found with the rate of 29.9%, followed by E. coli (24.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginasa (17.8%), Enterococcus spp. (11.8%), Klebsiella spp (9.7%) and Acinetobacter spp (4.1%). The proportion of bacterial isolates has changed, but Staphylococcus aureus is still highest rate. S.aureus is resistant to many antibiotics, but MRSA strains have decreased significantly, from 73.3% in 2020 to 62.5% in 2022. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to some of the group A recommended antibiotics such as ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam with the rate of 56.6% and 48.7%. The percentage of E. coli with ESBL strains (+) was at 28.2% - 30.3%. Enterococus spp strains are still sensitive to vancomycin (83.1% - 91.9%). The rate of Klebsiella ESBL (+) is only 6.9% to 8.2%. The strains of Acinetobacter spp were highly resistant to Piperacillin (100%) and Ceftriaxone (96.5%) but they are still sensitive to imipenems 70 - 71%, highly sensitive to Doxycillin (95.2%) and Cefotaxime (88.4%). Conclusion: Many bacterial strains are resistant to many commonly antibiotics. Providing timely, regular, and effective management of antibiotic resistance patterns for common pathogenic bacteria in hospitals, will help reduce the risk of bacterial resistance.