A randomize, controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Da Nang Hospital between February 2004 and October 2004. 180 cesarean section cases, who met selection criteria (first cesarean section, gestational age ≥37 weeks, single pregnancy, same surgeon), were randomly assigned into 2 groups: modification group with modified Misgav Ladach method and Pfannelstiel group with Pfannelstiel incision. Results: Mean time of extraction of the newborn was 2.6±0.8 minutes in the modification group and 5.7±0.9 minutes in the Pfannelstiel group (p = 0). Mean duration of operation was 33.4±2.1 minutes in the modification group compared with 43.5±3.2 minutes in the Pfannelstiel group (p = 0). One hematoma (1.1%) was seen with the modification group versus 9 (10%) in the control group (p<0.05). The number of analgestic doses required during postoperative period was significantly lower in the modification group (1.3±0.6 versus 1.9±0.7 vials of pethidin; p<0.000001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in maternal age, gestational age, and indication of operation, Apgar scores and duration of hospitalization
Cesarean Section ; Epidemiology

Objective: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer due to their high number of sexual partners. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HPV and identify risk factors for high-risk HPV infection among FSWs in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi and HCMC between December 2017 and May 2018. We surveyed and screened 699 FSWs aged ≥18 years for HPV infection and abnormal cytology. A multivariable modified Cox regression model was used to determine risk factors for high-risk HPV infection. Results The overall prevalence of any HPV, high-risk HPV and HPV-16/18 infection in the 699 FSWs was 26.3%, 17.6% and 4.0%, respectively, and were similar in both cities. Multiple infections were identified in 127 participants (69.0%).HPV-52 was the most prevalent (7%), followed by HPV-58 (6%). Abnormal cytology was detected in 91 participants (13.0%). FSWs who are divorced (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.81), widowed (aPR: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.49–7.12) or living alone (aPR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.01–3.39) were associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection.