China's energy supply becomes more serious nowadays and the development of bio-energy becomes a major trend. Large oil companies have superb technology, rich experience and outstanding talent, as well as better sales channels for energy products, which can make full use of their own advantages to achieve the efficient complementary of exist energy and bio-energy. Therefore, large oil companies have the advantages of developing bio-energy. Bio-energy development in China is in the initial stage. There exist some problems such as available land, raw material supply, conversion technologies and policy guarantee, which restrict bio-energy from industrialized development. According to the above key issues, this article proposes suggestions and methods, such as planting energy plant in the marginal barren land to guarantee the supply of bio-energy raw materials, cultivation of professional personnel, building market for bio-energy counting on large oil companies' rich experience and market resources about oil industry, etc, aimed to speed up the industrialized process of bio-energy development in China.
Biofuels ; China ; Gasoline ; Industry ; Petroleum

Chemical pneumonitis induced by hydrocarbon aspiration is rare in Korea. Kerosene is a petroleum distillate with low viscosity and high volatility. We report two adult cases of chemical pneumonitis caused by the accidental aspiration of kerosene. They were treated successfully with antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids, and recovered without complications.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Kerosene ; Korea ; Petroleum ; Pneumonia ; Viscosity ; Volatilization

A survey on working environment at 35 facilities discovered some types of dusts, harmful factors such as the noise at high level in some working places (94-100 dBA), tiny dusts, over standard petrol gas. 14/760 workers were examined periodically had tetraetyl lead level in urine during 24 hours. Among 54 cases of lead comtanination, the clinical symptoms of arterial blood pressure - pulse accounted for 42,5%; headache, in somia, much sweating on arms and legs were high, 60 cases suffered from occupational skin gray.
Health Status ; Petroleum ; manpower

Worker of 18 petroleum enterprises and stores in northern and central Vietnam, who exposed to petroleum materials, were involved to a comprehensive study. This study covered environmental surveillance, health examinations, diagnosis of occupational disease, laboratory analyses. Results were statistically evaluated. An improvement of work-place environment was noted, but in some places plomb tetraethyl level in air was still higher by many times than the tolerant standard. Among the subjects exposed to petroleum materials, the incidence of occupational diseases was higher by 91- 3.73 times than that of control subjects.
Work ; environment ; workplace ; Petroleum

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Petroleum Pollution*

BACKGROUND: In a safety perspective, efficient knowledge management is important for learning purposes and thus to prevent errors from occurring repeatedly. The relationship between knowledge exchange among employees and safety behavior may be of particular importance in distributed organizational systems where similar high-risk activities take place at several locations. This study develops and tests hypotheses concerning the relationship between knowledge exchange systems usage, knowledge exchange in the organizational system, and safety compliance. METHODS: The operational context of the study is petroleum drilling and well operations involving distributed high-risk activities. The hypotheses are tested by use of survey data collected from a large petroleum operator company and eight of its main contractors. RESULTS: The results show that safety compliance is influenced by use of knowledge exchange systems and degree of knowledge exchange in the organizational system, both within and between units. System usage is the most important predictor, and safety compliance seems to be more strongly related to knowledge exchange within units than knowledge exchange between units. CONCLUSION: Overall, the study shows that knowledge management is central for safety behavior.
Compliance* ; Knowledge Management* ; Learning ; Petroleum

The petroleum and lubricant might induce occupational melanosis with the rate of 20.77%. The risk factors on direct exposure to petroleum group account for 13.73 times higher than non-exposed group. Results showed that the occupational melanosis in petrol workers might be well cured if patients would be removed from exposure and the healing rate was high (93%). The methods of treatment were considered as effective
Melanosis ; Occupational Diseases ; therapeutics ; Petroleum

The chemical composition of the petroleum ether extract, methanol extract and essential oil of Vitex trifolia L were analyzed by GC/MS method. The major compounds of the petroleum either extract were found to be a-pinene, sabinene,1,8-cineole, -terpinyl acetate, methyl-8,11,14-heptadecatrienoat and squalan. An alcaloid isoindol derivate was isolated from methanol extract of Vitex trifolia L. fruit
Chemistry ; Petroleum ; Oils, Volatile ; drugs

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polymers obtained by esterification of hydroxy fatty acid monomers. Due to similar mechanical characteristics of traditional petroleum-based plastics, 100% biodegradability and biocompatibility, PHAs are considered to be one of the most potential green materials. However, the application and promotion of PHAs as a green and environmentally friendly material are difficult because of the high production costs. This article focuses on the current methods to reduce production cost of PHAs effectively, such as cell morphology regulation, metabolic pathway construction, economic carbon source utilization and open fermentation technology development. Despite most research results are still limited in laboratory, the research methods and directions provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of economic PHAs.
Fermentation ; Industry ; Petroleum ; Plastics ; Polyhydroxyalkanoates

In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for solving the environmental pollution caused by non-degradable plastics. Following this idea, plastics would be firstly degraded and then reconstructed. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be produced from the degraded plastic monomers as a choice to recycle among various plastics. PHA, a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many microbes, have attracted great interest in industrial, agricultural and medical sectors due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and carbon neutrality. Moreover, the regulations on PHA monomer compositions, processing technology, and modification methods may further improve the material properties, making PHA a promising alternative to traditional plastics. Furthermore, the application of the "next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB)" utilizing extremophiles for PHA production is expected to enhance the PHA market competitiveness, promoting this environmentally friendly bio-based material to partially replace petroleum-based products, and achieve sustainable development with carbon-neutrality. This review summarizes the basic material properties, plastic upcycling via PHA biosynthesis, processing and modification methods of PHA, and biosynthesis of novel PHA.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates ; Plastics ; Biotechnology ; Petroleum ; Carbon