Local anesthetic drugs are commonly used to block the conduction function of patient's nerves temporarily for anesthesia during surgery or to provide targeted analgesia after trauma. Compared with general anesthetics, local anesthetics makes less impact on the physiological status and alleviates pain complications in the presence of clear consciousness. However, its clinical application is still limited by its systemic toxicity, as well as toxicity to nerves and muscles, duration of action and lack of penetration. Nanotechnology can help it penetrate the physiological barrier, prolong the time of nerve block, and reduce toxic side effects. In addition, by building a light-responsive release system, local anesthetics can be released on demand, enhancing drug effectiveness and safety. However, in addition to the problems of poor consistency and high production costs, the system of light response release is still limited in application due to the limitation of the depth of penetration of the tissue. According to the current research progress, this paper briefly introduces and analyzes the main dosage forms, hoping to provide new ideas for the responsive release of local anesthetic drugs.