PURPOSE: Tie-over dressing is widely used to secure skin grafting on face, body, or extremities. It can be a rather complicated task and is not easy to make compressive dressing again if performed in a conventional method. So, we hereby introduce an easy reproducible tie over dressing method. METHODS: After completing the skin graft, Cut the silastic drainage longitudinally in half and spread to the grafted skin margin. Drainage is fixed by using the stapes or sutures. A fluffy gauze bolus dressing is placed over a furacin impregnated gauze and wrapped around. After suturing the distal margin of silastics with opposite side using the silk thread either 5-0 or 3-0, knot of suturing, which is pressed down against the dressing while the threads are tightened, is made into center of each sides. RESULTS: It can make dressing again after observing the grafted skin, and it can also make pressure on the grafted area evenly until the grafted skin is taken. CONCLUSION: This dressing method makes the surgeons and patients comfortable. To surgeons, it provides more rapid and easier way to do dressing, and to patients, it eliminates pain caused by redressing.
Bandages ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Drainage ; Extremities ; Humans ; Nitrofurazone ; Silk ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Stapes ; Sutures ; Transplants

Mesotherapy is one of skin rejuvenation methods and known to be effective for anti-aging, cosmetic treatment, and improvement of obesity. Furthermore, the side effect of mesotherapy has been known to be very little, therefore, it has been used widely. Because of these reasons, complication of mesotherapy has been disregarded. A 32-year-old woman visited a private clinic for improvement of obesity. The patient had placenta injection with aminophylline, lidocaine and epinephrine on abdomen for several times and she did not have any symptoms. However, placenta injection was carried out at the last time with aminophylline, lidocaine, epinephrine and dehydrated alcohol. Four days later, abdominal partial necrosis was developed. And she was refered to our department. Wound of the abdomen had eschar formation and reddish color change. So, debridement of necrotic skin, and immediate reconstruction using flap and cosmetic abdominoplasty were done immediately, and the patient was satisfied with results. Based on various circumstances, we concluded that one of the etiologies of necrosis might be dehydrated alcohol and epinephrine effect. The standard of materials that are mixed in mesotherapy has not yet been established. In fact, the safety of additives has not yet been verified. Therefore, more studies on the standard materials and safety are needed.
Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: Many researches about various surgical method for blepharoptosis have already been introduced. But researches for complications after blepharoptosis correction is relatively insufficient. So, this study was performed to recognize common complications that arise depending on the severity of blepharoptosis, levator function and surgical method. METHODS: 250 patients who have undergone surgical treatment for blepharoptosis from 1987 to 2006 were analyzed in this study. Patients were categorized according to severity of blepharoptosis, levator function and surgical method that has been used. Complications after blepharoptosis correction were analyzed. RESULT: There occurred complications in 64 patients. The specifics are as following; undercorrection 22, asymmetry 13, overcorrection 12, lagophthalmos 4, abnormal eyelid contour 4, exposure keratitis 3, ectropion 2, inclusion cyst 2, infection 1 and conjunctival prolapse 1. Among above patients, 3 patients had two kinds of complications. 21 patients underwent secondary surgery due to complication. CONCLUSION: Evaluating the outcomes of the secondary surgery, the early correction was better than the late correction. The most of the complications were recovered through conservative and surgical treatments. The most of the complications (47 patients) were undercorrection, asymmetry, overcorrection and took 73.4% of the total complications. As the blepharoptosis became severe or levator function became poorer, the rate of complications became higher. According to the operation methods, most of the complications occurred in levator operation, frontalis transfer and OOM flap.
Blepharoptosis ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Prolapse

Objectives: This study aimed to present the Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis, offering evidence-based recommendations for the effective management of this chronic condition.The primary focus is on achieving optimal fracture prevention through a comprehensive, individualized approach. Methods: A panel of experts convened to develop consensus statements by synthesizing the current literature and leveraging clinical expertise. The review encompassed long-term anti-osteoporosis medication goals, first-line treatments for individuals at very high fracture risk, and the strategic integration of anabolic and anti resorptive agents in sequential therapy approaches. Results: The panelists reached a consensus on 12 statements. Key recommendations included advocating for anabolic agents as the first-line treatment for individuals at very high fracture risk and transitioning to anti resorptive agents following the completion of anabolic therapy. Anabolic therapy remains an option for in dividuals experiencing new fractures or persistent high fracture risk despite antiresorptive treatment. In cases of inadequate response, the consensus recommended considering a switch to more potent medications. The consensus also addressed the management of medication-related complications, proposing alternatives instead of discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions This consensus provides a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for fracture prevention with an emphasis on shared decision-making and the incorporation of country-specific case management systems, such as fracture liaison services. It serves as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region, contributing to the ongoing evolution of osteoporosis management.

The aim of this Biologic Advisory Group (BAG) Malaysia consensus guideline is to provide clinicians managing cutaneous diseases with biologics relevant parameters to consider prior to initiating or stopping or continuing any biologic treatment in the current landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides reviewing the medical literatures on COVID-19 and evidences related to other human coronavirus or influenza, expert opinions and clinical experiences are shared and debated in formulation of this biologic consensus guideline.