1.Immunomodulatory Effects of Hypocrellin A on MHC-restricted Antigen Processing.
Sunim PARK ; Sun A IM ; Ki Hyang KIM ; Chong Kil LEE
Immune Network 2011;11(6):412-415
Hypocrellin A has gained much attention in recent years due to its light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities. Here we report that hypocrellin A exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen. Hypocrellin A inhibited class II-MHC restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, but not class I MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous antigen, in dendritic cells. Hypocrellin A also inhibited the cytosolic pathway of endogenous antigen presentation. However, hypocrellin A did not inhibit the expression of class I and class II MHC molecules on dendritic cells (DCs), the phagocytic activity of DCs, or the H-2K(b)-restricted presentation of a synthetic peptide, SIINFEKL. These results show that hypocrellin A differentially modulates the MHC-restricted antigen presentation pathways.
Antigen Presentation
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Cytosol
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Dendritic Cells
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Perylene
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Quinones
2.Simultaneous determination of hypocrellin A, hypocrellin B, and hypocrellin C by HPLC.
Ming KONG ; Zhanli CHEN ; Zhiqi YIN ; Jian ZHANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2012;37(1):75-78
OBJECTIVETo develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of hypocrellin A, hypocrellin B, and hypocrellin C.
METHODThe separation was carried out on a Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 micrm) colum eluted with in mobile phases of water containing 0.5% glacial acetic acid and acetonitrile. The column temperature was 35 degrees C, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm.
RESULTThe three compounds were well separated. Calibration curves of hypocrellin A, hypocrellin B, and hypocrellin C showed good linear relationship RSD > 2.0%. The average recoveries of the hypocrellin A, hypocrellin B, and hypocrellin C were 101.8%, 102.3%, 100.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONThe developed method is simple, accurate, and repeatable, and can be readily used as valid tool for the quality control of Hypocrella bambusae.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Hypocreales ; chemistry ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Quinones ; analysis
3.Hypericin: chemical synthesis and biosynthesis.
Lin-Fang HUANG ; Zeng-Hui WANG ; Shi-Lin CHEN
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) 2014;12(2):81-88
Hypericin is one of the most important phenanthoperylene quinones extracted mainly from plants of the genus Hypericum belonging to the sections Euhypericum and Campylosporus of Keller's classification. Widespread attention to the antiviral and anti-tumor properties of hypericin has spurred investigations of the chemical synthesis and biosynthesis of this unique compound. However, the synthetic strategies are challenging for organic and biological chemists. In this review, specific significant advances in total synthesis, semi-synthesis, and biosynthesis in the past decades are summarized.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
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Antiviral Agents
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Humans
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Hypericum
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chemistry
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metabolism
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Perylene
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analogs & derivatives
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chemical synthesis
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metabolism
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Plant Extracts
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biosynthesis
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chemical synthesis
4.Cluster analysis on hypocrellin A content in anamorphs of Shiraia bambusicola.
Wen DU ; Chunlong SUN ; Yanfeng HAN ; Jiandong LIANG ; Zongqi LIANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2010;35(8):960-963
OBJECTIVEBy examining the colony growth rate, colony texture, substrate mycelium color and separation method of 40 anamorph strains of Shiraia bambusicola to investigate the relationship between these indexes and content of hypocrellin A.
METHODIn UV-spectrophotometry and microscopic observation were applied in the experiments. The results were analyzed by the clustering and variance analysis.
RESULTSPSS clustering analysis showed that the colony characters of S. bambusicola anamorph strains had significant differences with hypocrellin A content.
CONCLUSIONIn the tested conditions, substrate mycelium color of S. bambusicola anamophs has the most distinct correlation with the yield of hypocrellin A.
Ascomycota ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Cluster Analysis ; Mycelium ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Pigmentation ; Quinones ; metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
5.Effects of hypericin associated with light irradiation on human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma strain Hep-2.
Yu-Xin SUN ; Yan MENG ; Zhen DONG ; Zhan-Quan YANG
Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2005;40(2):128-132
OBJECTIVETo study effects of hypericin associated with light irradiation on human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma strain Hep-2.
METHODSUsing techniques of tumor cells culture in vitro, Hep-2 cells were exposed to different concentration hypericin as 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 microg/ml, then 10 minutes 7.5 J/cm2 light irradiation was given after an hour. Other groups Hep-2 culture cells were also exposed to different concentration hypericin as 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 25.0 microg/ml, without light irradiation. In all groups, contrast groups were set up. And 48 hours later, growth characteristics of Hep-2 cells were studied by morphological observation, fluorescence microscope, MTT assay and flow cytometry.
RESULTSIn normal contrast group, Hep-2 cells grew intensively and contacted with each other. However, cells which were treated with hypericin, combination with light irradiation were declined greatly. In higher dose hypericin group, necrosis could be found. MTT assay showed that hypericin associated with light irradiation inhibited growth of laryngeal cell with dose dependence manner. Flow cytometry showed that hypericin with light irradiation could block cell growth at G0/G1 phase, inducing apoptosis of laryngeal cell. Under fluorescence microscope, some sings of cell apoptosis including coagulation of chromatin, fragmentation of nuclei and apoptotic body could be found.
CONCLUSIONHuman laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma strain Hep-2 can be inhibited and induced into apoptosis by treated with hypericin combination with light irradiation.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Light ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology
6.Enhancement of hypericin production and cell growth of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cultures by nitric oxide.
Mao-Jun XU ; Ju-Fang DONG ; Gang ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2005;21(1):66-70
Nitric oxide has emerged as a key signaling molecule in plants recently. The role of nitric oxide in elicitor-induced defense responses of plants has been extensively investigated. In this work, sodium nitroprusside was utilized as the donor of nitric oxide to investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide on hypericin production and cell growth of suspension cell cultures of Hypericum perforatum L.. Compared with the untreated Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells, external application of 0.5 and 15.0 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside induced 1.4 and 0.5-fold dry cell weight, and 0.9 and 2.1-fold hypericin content respectively. The results showed that low concentration of sodium nitroprusside promoted the growth of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells, while high concentration of sodium nitroprusside enhanced hypericin biosynthesis in Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells. The maximum hypericin production was achieved by adding 0.5 mmol/L and 15.0 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside to the culture at day 0 and day 14 respectively, increasing the total hypericin yield by nearly 3.2-fold. The effects of sodium nitroprusside on hypericin content and growth of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells were abolished by nitric oxide specific scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, which indicated that the effects of the application of sodium nitroprusside were caused by nitric oxide released from sodium nitroprusside rather than sodium nitroprusside itself. The results also showed that 15.0 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside stimulated the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), one of the key enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathway, in suspension cells of Hypericum perforatum L., which suggested that the synthetic pathway of hypericin might be activated by NO through triggering the defense responses of Hypericum perforatum L. suspension cells.
Cells, Cultured
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Hypericum
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cytology
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drug effects
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metabolism
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Nitric Oxide
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metabolism
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Nitroprusside
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pharmacology
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Perylene
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analogs & derivatives
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metabolism
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Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
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metabolism
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Plant Growth Regulators
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biosynthesis
7.Determining the quantity of hypericin in medicinal materials and asepsis seedings of Hypericum perforatum by HPLC.
Mei-lan CHEN ; Lu-qi HUANG ; Bin YANG ; Mei-hong FU ; Yong-ming LUO
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2003;28(11):1013-1015
OBJECTIVETo establish the method of determining the quantity of hypericin in Hypericum perforatum and determine the quantity of the hypericin in defferent medicinal materials and asepsis seedings which grow in defferent environment.
METHODThe specimen is extracted with methanol--Pyridine (9:1) ultrasound extraction. Chromatographic assay is performed on a hypersily ODS2 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column. The mobile phase is composed of methanol -1.56% dihydric natrium phosphate hydrogen natrium solution (shift solution's acidity to 2.1 with phosphoric acid)--ethyl acetate (4:1.9:1), velocity of flow is 1 mL x min(-1); column temperature is 35 degrees C; the detection wavelength is 590 nm.
RESULTA satisfactory seperaration between hypericin and impurity. The calibration curve is linear over the range of 0.0524-0.2620 microg for hypericin (r = 0.9998). The average recovery of hypericin is 97.50%.
CONCLUSIONThe quantity of hypericin in Hypericum perforatum has something to do with the genetic factor, environment factor, growing period and dry means. The method of determining the quantity of hypericin can be regarded as the method of controling the quantity of medicinal materials.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Hypericum ; chemistry ; genetics ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Quality Control ; Seasons
8.Studies on the chemical constituents of a fungus producing perylenequinones.
Yun-xiu SHEN ; Wei-zhong LIU ; Xian-guo RONG ; Yi-hua SUN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2003;38(11):834-837
AIMTo study the chemical constituents in the mycelia of Hypomyces sp..
METHODSSilica gel column chromatography was employed for the isolation and purification. Chemical and spectral methods were used to determine the structures of the isolated compounds.
RESULTSTwo compounds were isolated and identified as: hypomycin C (I) and hypomycin D (II).
CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new compounds.
Chromatography, Gel ; methods ; Fermentation ; Hypocreales ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Mycelium ; chemistry ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Quinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification
9.Effect of factors on callus biomass and synthetic mass of hypericin in Hypericum perforatum.
Ming-shu XU ; Lu-qi HUANG ; Mei-lan CHEN ; He-chun YE ; Guo-feng LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2003;28(10):921-923
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of several factors on the quantity of hypericin in H. perforatum callus.
METHODHigh efficiency liquid phase chromatography and plant tissue culture were applied.
RESULT AND CONCLUSIONWhen the ratio of nitro-nitrogen to amina-nitrogen is 3:1, the callus biomass is 1.6-fold and the synthetic mass of hypericin rises. 0.1-0.20 mg x L(-1) mannose improves the content of total hypericin. The addition of PVP or PVPP can promote improvement of the growth and biosynthesis of callus.
Culture Media ; Hypericum ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Mannose ; pharmacology ; Nitrogen ; pharmacology ; Perylene ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Povidone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques
10.A new perylenequinone from a halotolerant fungus, Alternaria sp. M6.
Song-Ya ZHANG ; Zhan-Lin LI ; Jiao BAI ; Yu WANG ; Li-Min ZHANG ; Xin WU ; Hui-Ming HUA
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) 2012;10(1):68-71
AIM:
To study the metabolites of a halotolerant fungus Alternaria sp. M6.
METHODS:
The metabolites were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were determined on the basis of physical properties and spectroscopic data.
RESULTS:
Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 8β-chloro-3, 6aα, 7β, 9β, 10-pentahydroxy-9, 8, 7, 6a-tetrahydroperylen-4(6aH)-one (1), alterperylenol (2), dihydroalterperylenol (3), adenine (4), adenosine (5), deoxyadenosine (6), guanosine (7), tryptophan (8), and hexadecanoic acid (9).
CONCLUSION
Compound 1 is a new perylenequinone.
Alternaria
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chemistry
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metabolism
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Biological Products
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chemistry
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isolation & purification
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Molecular Structure
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Perylene
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analogs & derivatives
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chemistry
;
isolation & purification
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Quinones
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chemistry
;
isolation & purification
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Salt Tolerance